War and infection in the pre-antibiotic era: The Third Ottoman Army in 1915

Erdem, Hakan; Tetik, Ahmet; Arun, Özgür; Beşirbellioğlu, Bülent; Çoşkun, Ömer; Eyigün, Can Polat

doi:10.3109/00365548.2011.577801

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the past history, rickettsioses had subtantial impacts on the Turkish population [46–48]. The use of molecular genetic tools and cell culture assays have significantly improved the discovery of new agents, and consequently three new ehrlichioses and 12 rickettsioses have been described worldwide since 1980 [49].…”

Section: Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leading infectious diseases problems in Turkey

Erdem

Akova

2012

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Turkey has significant geographical and socio-economic differences throughout a vast area of the country. These characteristics affect the epidemiology of infectious diseases, some of which are rarely seen in western Europe. However, effectively implemented control measures have resulted in decreased rates of many community-acquired infections, including tuberculosis and malaria, that were major health problems only a few decades ago. There are high rates of antimicrobial resistance in various nosocomial isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A recently implemented, nationwide, electronic resistance surveillance system in hospitals is expected to produce reliable data, and possibly will help to develop an effective strategy to decrease antimicrobial resistance in bacteria that currently plague many tertiary-care hospitals in the country. This article summarizes the most frequently encountered community-acquired infections, and gives an overview of current antimicrobial resistance in both outpatient and hospital settings in Turkey.

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Section: Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malaria has been known since early in Turkish history [46], and today chloroquine‐sensitive Plasmodium vivax is the only common aetiological agent of the disease throughout the country [137]. Sporadically, imported cases of Plasmodium falciparum have been reported [137].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leading infectious diseases problems in Turkey

Erdem

Akova

2012

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…Malaria is frequent in sub-Saharan Africa, and hemorrhagic fevers are more common in selected parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean and Central and South America. Actually, malaria is known to have a strong impact on displaced populations during human history and deserves particular attention [26,27]. As a horrible example, sepsis and severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria contributed to 40 % of pregnancy-related deaths in migrants in north-western Thailand when the 25-year period data of antenatal clinics were analyzed [28].…”

Section: Origins Of Diseases Leading To Icu Admissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enteric fever is mostly seen in overcrowded impoverished areas (e.g. south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa) with limited access to sanitation [26]. Leishmania parasites are transmitted by the bite of free-roaming phlebotomine sand flies and leishmaniasis is mostly seen across the Mediterranean coast, the Middle East, Central Asia, and South and Central America.…”

Section: Origins Of Diseases Leading To Icu Admissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of septic shock and severe infections in migrants and returning travelers requiring critical care

Alp

Erdem

Rello

2016

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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During the past decade, global human movement created a virtually "borderless world". Consequently, the developed world is facing "forgotten" and now imported infectious diseases. Many infections are observed upon travel and migration, and the clinical spectrum is diverse, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe septic shock. The severity of infection depends on the etiology and timeliness of diagnosis. While assessing the etiology of severe infection in travelers and migrants, it is important to acquire a detailed clinical history; geography, dates of travel, places visited, type of transportation, lay-overs and intermediate stops, potential exposure to exotic diseases, and activities that were undertaken during travelling and prophylaxis and vaccines either taken or not before travel are all important parameters. Tuberculosis, malaria, pneumonia, visceral leishmaniasis, enteric fever and hemorrhagic fever are the most common etiologies in severely infected travelers and migrants. The management of severe sepsis and septic shock in migrants and returning travelers requires a systematic approach in the evaluation of these patients based on travel history. Early and broad-spectrum therapy is recommended for the management of septic shock comprising broad spectrum antibiotics, source control, fluid therapy and hemodynamic support, corticosteroids, tight glycemic control, and organ support and monitoring. We here review the diagnostic and therapeutic routing of severely ill travelers and migrants, stratified by the nature of the infectious agents most often encountered among them.

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“…The second issue is that penicillin was introduced shortly after the end of World War II. Infectious disease mortality rates commonly surge during wartime (Erdem et al 2011;Zapor and Moran 2005), so their decline relative to non-infectious mortality rates could partly reflect the end of conflict and regression to the mean. However, our results are similar across areas with varying degrees of war-related destruction and are robust to excluding years 1943-1945 (the years of most intense conflict in Italy) from our estimation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%