Warm Dense Matter: An Overview

Abstract

This document provides a summary of the the LLNL Workshop on Extreme States of Materials: Warm Dense Matter to NIF which was held on 20, 21, and 22 February 2002 at the Wente Conference Center in Livermore, CA. The warm dense matter regime, the transitional phase space region between cold material and hot plasma, is presently poorly understood. The drive to understand the nature of matter in this regime is sparking scientific activity worldwide. In addition to pure scientific interest, finite temperature dense matter occurs in the regimes of interest to the SSMP (Stockpile Stewardship Materials Program). So that obtaining a better understanding of WDM is important to performing effective experiments at, e.g., NIF, a primary mission of LLNL. 50 µm Cu cube 100 fs Laser ΔL ~ 100-1000 µm 2x10 11 5 MeV protons in a 3 ps pulse.

Review and progress in the study of the properties of warm dense matter

“…Mbar~1 Gbar的超高压力, 辐射温度达到~300 eV [29] . 图 5 (网络版彩色)用各种实验技术研究铅所达到压力范围 [4] Figure 5 (Color online) The experimentally studied pressure-entropy regions using different techniques for lead [4] 评 述 10 5 [38,39] , 它可以对WDM结构、离子密度、电荷态和 辐射不透明度等信息进行有效诊断. [41] , 尤其是它近来对WDM结构、 状 态方程、 吸收谱和动力学性质的超快诊断起了至关重 要作用.…”

“…1700多人(图3), 增长了3倍多, 其人员分布中美国、法 国、 德国排在世界的前三位(图4), 而中国则处在比较 滞后位置, 与上述发达国家有一定差距. 此外, 国际 上大型科学装置建造、重大研究计划制定均有涉及 WDM研究, 比如美国的MaRie计划(玛丽计划) [3] 用单 独 的 章 节 对 W D M 重 要 性 进 行 了 特 别 说 明 , 欧 洲 优势和局限性 [4] .…”

Iron melting curve with a tricritical point

“…The upper part of the melting curve and its extension beyond the tricritical point give an estimate for the phase transition line in the so-called warm dense matter (WDM) regime [35], which is the high energy density regime between plasma physics and condensed matter. WDM is important, for instance, in confined fusion and in the interiors of the large planets.…”