“…The use of more realistic material properties requires the explicit consideration of highly complex phenomena within the simulation algorithms, such as the formation and oxidation of char and cracks, the evaporation and thermal transport of moisture, the constantly changing geometry for timber assemblies, including a falling off of panels, when applicable, and thermally induced deformations Pečenko et al, 2014;Richter, 2019;Werther and Matthäus, 2020). The complexity of these problems leads to an increased input effort, coupled simulations and longer calculation time.…”