Warming and precipitation addition interact to affect plant spring phenology in alpine meadows on the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Ganjurjav, Hasbagan; Gornish, Elise S.; Hu, Guozheng; Schwartz, Mark W.; Wan, Yunfan; Li, Yue; Gao, Qingzhu

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.107943

Cited by 77 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Our study found that warming apparently delayed the green‐up of K. pygmaea in spring, leading to decreased GEP and NEP but no significant effects on ER (Supporting Information Appendix S3: Figure S3.6). The passive impacts of warming on K. pygmaea phenology induced by the soil water deficit were similar to other studies in alpine grasslands (Dorji et al., 2013; Ganjurjav et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2017). In addition to the abovementioned effects, warming decreases the leaf nitrogen content (F. Li, Peng, et al., 2017), which is strongly correlated with leaf life span, plant light harvesting, carbon reaction enzymes, vigour and photosynthetic capacity (Chapin III et al, 2011; Supporting Information Appendix S3: Figure S3.7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Warming alters atmospheric and soil water availability by stimulating evapotranspiration, thereby influencing GEP and ER (Niu et al., 2008). In addition to these environmental factors, warming may affect CUEe and its components by modulating elements of community structure or vegetation growth, including community composition (Yang et al., 2011; Zhu et al., 2020), plant phenology (Ganjurjav et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2017) and species physiology (Dorji et al., 2013; N. Li et al., 2011; F. Li et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, warming can lead to ripple effects on CUEe components by modifying soil water availability and plant growth. These effects are especially obvious in arid and semiarid regions (Ganjurjav et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2011). For example, warming postpones the green‐up of dominant species by exacerbating soil water limitations and then decreasing GEP in alpine meadows (Zhu et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple‐scale negative impacts of warming on ecosystem carbon use efficiency across the Tibetan Plateau grasslands

Chen

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2020

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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Aim Ecosystem carbon use efficiency (CUEe) is a core parameter of ecosystem process models, but its relationships with climate are still uncertain, especially for ecosystems with harsh environments. Large inconsistencies in climate impacts on the CUEe have been reported among various spatial scales. The goal of this study was to examine whether warming promotes or restricts the CUEe and whether the CUEe responds to a warming gradient in a linear or nonlinear manner. Location Tibetan Plateau. Time period 2000–2018. Major taxa studied Alpine grassland ecosystem. Methods We integrated multiple‐source data of carbon fluxes and CUEe, including warming experiments at a site scale, eddy covariance observations at a landscape scale and synthesized warming experiments and ecosystem process models at a regional scale. Next, we deployed a statistical model to examine the warming impacts on the CUEe across scales; the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the CUEe and its components were summarized based on the results of standardized major axis tests and routines, structural equation modelling and nonlinear models. Results This study reported a suppressive warming impact on the CUEe, which followed a nonlinear curve with severe inhibition in the high‐level warming treatment. With a warming threshold of 1.5–2.0°C, CUEe response patterns transitioned from no change to a significant decrease. The restriction effects can be ascribed to the joint adverse and asymmetric effects of warming on CUEe components under multiple‐level warming. Warming‐modified relationships among CUEe components and the nonlinear effects of biotic and abiotic factors led to the nonlinear responses of CUEe to warming. Main conclusions This study revealed suppressive and nonlinear effects of warming on the CUEe, including especially dramatic CUEe decreases with high‐level warming. These findings are critical for optimizing model parameters and improving predictions of the carbon sequestration capacity of alpine grasslands.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple‐scale negative impacts of warming on ecosystem carbon use efficiency across the Tibetan Plateau grasslands

Chen

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2020

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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“…Warming impacts on plant biomass production have been widely studied and researchers highlight the importance of the interaction between temperature and water availability on plant productivity (Klein et al., 2008; Zhu et al., 2016). Our previous study highlighted the interactive effects of warming and precipitation addition on plant green up and flowering (Ganjurjav, Gornish, Hu, Schwartz, et al., 2020). However, how changes in phenological events affect plant biomass production under the interaction of warming and precipitation addition remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Phenological changes offset the warming effects on biomass production in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Ganjurjav

Gornish

et al. 2020

Journal of Ecology

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Phenology is an important indicator of plant responses to environmental changes and is closely correlated with biomass production. However, how changes in phenological events affect plant biomass production when exposed to changing temperature and precipitation remain unclear. We conducted a 4‐year manipulative experiment of warming and precipitation addition to explore phenology–biomass interactions under climate change in a dry alpine meadow on the central Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau from 2015 to 2018. In dry and warm years, warming delayed phenology and precipitation addition advanced them. Warming decreased the biomass of Kobresia pygmaea in 2018 and the biomass of Poa pratensis in 2015, 2017 and 2018. However, precipitation addition significantly increased the biomass of Poa pratensis and Potentilla multifida in most of the experimental years. Phenological changes regulated the responses of biomass to treatments. Specifically, delay of green up of P. pratensis and delay of withering of K. pygmaea induced by warming can increase biomass production, but it can be offset by the direct negative effects of warming on biomass. Synthesis. Here we show how warming‐induced drought tend to decrease the biomass production of graminoids and the negative effects of warming on the biomass of P. pratensis and K. pygmaea were partially offset by green up postponement and withering postponement respectively. Our results highlights phenology is a crucial regulator for biomass production under climate change. Hence, both direct and indirect effects of warming and precipitation addition on phenology and biomass cannot be ignored when predicting biomass responses to climate change.

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“…In addition, plant phenology is not only affected by temperature but is impacted by many confounding factors (i.e., water stress, sunshine, nutrients, and snow cover, etc.) [7,[17][18][19][20]. Consequently, the quantification of such complex impacts from multiple drivers on plant phenology changes remains challenging [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Threshold of Carbon Phenology in Two Cold Temperate Grasslands in China

Niu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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Plant phenology, especially the timing of the start and the end of the vegetation growing season (SOS and EOS), plays a major role in grassland ecosystem carbon cycles. As the second-largest grassland country in the world, China’s grasslands are mainly distributed in the northern cold temperate climate zone. The accuracies and relations of plant phenology estimations from multialgorithms and data resources are poorly understood. Here, we investigated vegetation phenology in two typical cold temperate grasslands, Haibei (HB) and Inner Mongolia (NM) grasslands, in China from 2001 to 2017. Compared to ground vegetation phenology observations, we analyzed the performance of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer MODIS phenology products (MCD12Q2) and two remote sensing-based vegetation phenology algorithms from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series (five satellite-based phenology algorithms). The optimal algorithm was used to compare with eddy covariance (EC)-based carbon phenology, and to calculate the thresholds of carbon phenology periods (SOSt and EOSt) in each site. Results showed that satellite-based phenology estimations (all five algorithms in this study) were strongly coupled with the temporal variation of the observed phenological period but significantly overestimated the SOS, predicting it to be over 21 days later than the field data. The carbon phenology thresholds of HB grassland (HB_SOSt and HB_EOSt) had a significant upward trend, with the multiyear average values being 0.14 and 0.29, respectively. In contrast, the thresholds of NM grasslands (NM_SOSt and NM_EOSt) also showed a certain upward trend, but it was not significant (p > 0.05), with the multiyear average values being 0.17 and 0.2, respectively. Our study suggested the thresholds of carbon phenology periods (SOSt and EOSt, %) could be simply and effectively estimated based on their significant relationship with the EC-based maximum of gross primary productivity observations (GPPmax) at a specific site and time. Therefore, this study suggested the thresholds of carbon phenology were not fixed even in a specific ecosystem, which also provided simple bridges between satellite-based vegetation phenology and EC-based carbon phenology in similar grasslands.

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Warming and precipitation addition interact to affect plant spring phenology in alpine meadows on the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 77 publications

References 57 publications

Multiple‐scale negative impacts of warming on ecosystem carbon use efficiency across the Tibetan Plateau grasslands

Multiple‐scale negative impacts of warming on ecosystem carbon use efficiency across the Tibetan Plateau grasslands

Phenological changes offset the warming effects on biomass production in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Dynamic Threshold of Carbon Phenology in Two Cold Temperate Grasslands in China

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