Warts in the evolution of angiosperm wood

Parham, Russell A.; Baird, William M.

doi:10.1007/bf00350637

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Tracheids in Winteraceae show vestures only in those species inhabiting areas that experience frost (PateI1974; Carlquist 1988aCarlquist , b, 1989a but vestures are absent in lowland tropical species (Carlquist 1983(Carlquist , 1988b(Carlquist , 1989a. Furthermore the presence ofvestured walls in latewood vessels but the absence in earlywood vessels (Fagus and Sassafras; Parharn & Baird 1974) and the variation in vesture size between earlywood and latewood (Ohtani & Fujikawa 1971;Verhoff & Knigge 1976) represent an interesting correlation because water tensions would be higher in latewood than in earlywood. A similar function has been suggested for functional aspects of helical sculpturing and other forms of relief within vessels (Carlquist 1982a, b;Dute et al 1996).…”

Section: Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fahn (1967) stated that vestures are found in phylogenetically more developed xylem and that vestured pits are considered to be advanced. On the basis of a very limited number of wood sampIes Parham and Baird (1974) thought scalariform perforation plates are more common in woods with vestures. Rowever, when a larger assemblage ofwoods is examined, the occurrence ofvestures and warts cannot be placed in any evolutionary context (Scurfield et al 1970, Meylan & Butterfield 1974.…”

Section: Symplocaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. branched protuberances on the lumen surface oftracheids in gymnosperms (e.g., Liese & Johann 1954;Liese 1965), and on the wall ofvessel elements and fibres of dicotyledons Parharn & Baird 1974;Ohtani 1979;Ohtani et al 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vestures in Woody Plants: A Review

Jansen¹,

Smets²,

Baas³

1998

IAWA J

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Vestures are defined as mostly branched or irregularly shaped protuberances on the inner surface of the secondary wall of wood incIuding the surface of the wall lining the pit cavity. Based on a survey of literature, vestures in softwoods and hardwoods are discussed. Data on the chemical composition, ontogeny and possible functions are limited and partly contradictory. A preliminary list of dicotyledonous families is given in which vestures have been reported to occur. No general morphological cIassification of the different types of vestures (and 'warts') has been accepted at present. The taxonomie and diagnostic value of this polyphyletic character can be considerable but should be evaluated for each individual taxonomie group. It is not cIear whether all types of vestures and warts are homologous; both structures remain poorly understood.

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Section: Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Symplocaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Vestures in Woody Plants: A Review

Jansen¹,

Smets²,

Baas³

1998

IAWA J

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“…When sculpturing, warts, or vestures vary within a growth ring, they are more pronounced in narrow latewood conduits (Parham & Baird 1974;Carlquist & Hoekman 1985;Carlquist 2001). This association makes sense if we postulate a link between vulnerability to drought-induced embolism and conduit diameter.…”

Section: Association Between Conduit Sculpture and Narrow Conduitsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In species with vestured pits (Jansen et al 2004;Medeiros et al 2019), the protuberances found inside the pit chambers are often seen on the vessel interior as well. In many species, vessel interiors are coated with fine "warty" layers (Parham & Baird 1974;Ohtani et al 1984b). These features can be found intergrading or in combination (Ohtani et al 1984a).…”

Section: Association Between Conduit Sculpture and Narrow Conduitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vulnerability to drought-induced embolism-conduit diameter link: breaching the anatomy-physiology divide

Olson

Pace

Anfodillo

2023

IAWA J.

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Summary The best explanations of the relationship between organismal form and function-those regarded by scientists as the most solid — always account for both comparative, across-species, patterns, as well as experimental results. This is true in all of biology, as it is for the study of xylem structure-function relations, where there is still a need for xylem physiology and functional comparative wood anatomy to mutually complement each other. To illustrate the magnitude and urgency of this need, we discuss Sherwin Carlquist’s postulate of a link between vulnerability to drought-induced embolism and conduit diameter, summarizing some of the major global patterns of xylem trait variation that are currently explained by postulating a vulnerability–diameter link. These include wider community mean and maximum vessel diameters in wetter vs drier vegetation types; that vessels can be >700 μm in diameter but plants virtually always produce much narrower ones; that dryland plants with wider vessels drop their leaves earlier; wide-to-narrow vessels across growth rings; and the wide vessels of lianas surrounded by narrow vessels. These patterns are global, and we are aware of no anatomical evidence contradicting a vulnerability–diameter link. Despite the pervasiveness of these patterns, many xylem biologists do not regard the patterns as providing guidance for research in functional xylem biology. Instead, proposing and testing hypotheses to account for all of the data — xylem physiology experiments and comparative anatomical patterns in all their complexity and with all of their contradictions — provides the best way forward for the field. This effort requires proposing and testing hypotheses that are consistent with both experimental as well as comparative data. Crucially, it also requires not rejecting the vulnerability–diameter link without providing an alternative explanation that better explains the patterns currently explained by appeal to the link.

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