Waste Management of Medical Personal Protective Equipment and Facemasks: Challenges During and Post COVID-19 Pandemic

Mawkhlieng, Unsanhame; Majumdar, Abhijit

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-3856-5_2

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…Cloth/fabric masks or home-made masks, developed from a single or multiple layers of a regular fabric, are often being used by persons with no symptoms or by those who are not exposed to high-risk environments. 47 In general, cloth masks are more comfortable in terms of breathability and thermo-physiological comfort in comparison to non-textile products. Surgical masks, which generally use three layers of nonwoven fabrics called SMS (spunbond-meltblown-spunbond), are used for covering the nose and mouth of the wearer ( both patient and healthcare personnel ) so as to physically shield them from body fluids, particulate matter and microorganisms.…”

Section: Types Of Face Masksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face masks to fight against COVID-19 pandemics: A comprehensive review of materials, design, technology and product development

Arora

Majumdar

2022

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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The outbreak of COVID-19 has created renewed attention on research and large scale manufacturing of face masks. In the last two decades, usage of face masks for respiratory protection has gained increased importance as a measure to control the maladies and fatalities due to exposure to particulate pollutants and toxic pathogens. Numerous variants of surgical and high-performance respirator masks are available in the market, and yet the fibrous materials science researchers, manufacturers and public health agencies are making concerted efforts towards improvising them with respect to self-sterilisability, facial fit, thermo-physiological comfort, reusability and biodegradability, while maintaining or rather enhancing the filtration efficiency. This review article presents a compendium of materials, design and performance standards of existing face masks, as well as elaborates on developments made for their performance enhancement. The criticality of inculcation of good hygiene habits and earnest compliance to correct mask donning and doffing practices has also been highlighted. This review is expected to make valuable contributions in the present COVID-19 scenario when donning a face mask has become mandatory.

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Section: Types Of Face Masksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face masks to fight against COVID-19 pandemics: A comprehensive review of materials, design, technology and product development

Arora

Majumdar

2022

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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Development of a reusable low-cost facemask with a recycled hydrophobic layer for preventive health care

Sekhar

Pabba

Tallam

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The current work focuses on designing a low-cost, reusable, and highly efficient facemask for protection from respiratory droplets that cause COVID-19, other infection-causing organisms, and dust allergies. Several masks available in the market are single-use that would choke the environment through plastic pollution or are expensive for the commoner to afford. In the present study, the facemask incorporates a waste-derived polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer and a non-woven polypropylene (PP) layer sandwiched between two tightly woven cotton layers. Combining these layers provides comfort and breathability, besides high bacterial and particulate filtration efficiency. Moreover, the unique PET layer provides mechanical strength and a 3D shape that enables hindrance-free speaking and prevents spectacle fogging. Compared to commercial N95 masks, the developed mask can be reused up to 30 washes and recycled with zero waste discharge ensuing green technology. Moreover, the mask was produced at an affordable cost of Rs. 17 (0.22 USD), including labor charges, and sold at a 100% profit margin @ Rs.35 (0.45 USD) per unit. Further, the mask was certified by neutral testing agencies and provided to a population of more than 6 lakhs, thus significantly contributing to the mitigation of COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-022-24807-7.

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Targeting carbon-neutral waste reduction: Novel process design, modelling and optimization for converting medical waste into hydrogen

Zhou,

Liu,

Ren

et al. 2024

Energy

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Waste Management of Medical Personal Protective Equipment and Facemasks: Challenges During and Post COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Face masks to fight against COVID-19 pandemics: A comprehensive review of materials, design, technology and product development

Face masks to fight against COVID-19 pandemics: A comprehensive review of materials, design, technology and product development

Development of a reusable low-cost facemask with a recycled hydrophobic layer for preventive health care

Targeting carbon-neutral waste reduction: Novel process design, modelling and optimization for converting medical waste into hydrogen

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