Waste materials co-processing in cement industry: Ecological efficiency of waste reuse

Lamas, Wendell de Queiróz; Palau, José Carlos Fortes; Camargo, José Rubens de

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.015

Cited by 102 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Coprocessing is another method of using plastic wastes as raw material or as a source of energy or to replace both natural mineral resources and fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, and gas in energy intensive industries such as cement, steel, and power generation [38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Extrusion of Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste and Investigation of Its Thermal and Mechanical Properties after Treatment

Mohsin

Abdulrehman

Haik

2017

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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This study investigates treating polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste water bottles with different mass of ethylene glycol (EG) using reactive extrusion technique at a temperature of 260 ∘ C. The study puts emphases on evaluating the thermal, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of the treated polyethylene terephthalate. The properties of the treated PET from the extruder were analyzed using FT-IR, TGA, DSC, and nanoindentation. The melt flow indexes (MFI) of both treated and untreated PET were also measured and compared. Thermal properties such as melting temperature ( ) for treating PET showed an inversely proportional behavior with the EG concentrations. The FT-IR analysis was used to investigate the formation of new linkages like hydrogen bonds between PET and EG due to the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Nanoindentation results revealed that both the mechanical characteristics, elastic modulus and hardness, decrease with increasing EG concentration. On the other hand, the melt flow index of treated PET exhibited an increase with increasing EG concentration in the PET matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Extrusion of Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste and Investigation of Its Thermal and Mechanical Properties after Treatment

Mohsin

Abdulrehman

Haik

2017

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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“…Co-processing waste when producing cement is a waste management technique that offers the benefits of simultaneously destroying waste, producing cement, and recycling energy [1][2][3]. China has a large cement industry that accounts for about 60% of annual global cement production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations and factors that influence the formation of polychlorinated naphthalenes in cement kilns co-processing solid waste

Jin

Zhan

Liu

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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h i g h l i g h t s• PCN destruction efficiencies of cement kilns were derived.• Factors influencing PCN variation and formation were identified.• Major pathways for PCN formation and decomposition in cement kiln were discussed.• PCN indicators for sources involved with coal burning were proposed. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tPilot studies of unintentionally produced pollutants should be performed before waste being coprocessed in cement kilns. Polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) formation and emission from cement kilns co-processing sorted municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, and waste acid, however, have not previously been studied. Here, PCNs were analyzed in stack gas samples and solid samples from different stages of three cement production runs. PCN destruction efficiencies were higher when waste was coprocessed (93.1% and 88.7% in two tests) than when waste was not co-processed (39.1%), so co-processing waste would not increase PCN outputs. The PCN concentrations were higher in particle samples from the C1 preheater and stages at back end of kiln than in particle samples from other stages, suggesting that cyclone preheater and back end of kiln should be focused for controlling PCN emissions. Besides that, based on the variation of PCN concentrations and corresponding operating conditions in different stages, the temperature, feeding materials, and chlorine content were suggested as the main factors influencing PCN formation. The PCN homologue and congener profiles suggested chlorination and dechlorination were the main PCN formation and decomposition pathways, and congeners CN-23, CN-46, and CN-59 appear to be appropriate indicators of PCNs emitted from coal-burning sources.

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“…Reduction in energy consumption is a major motivation for technological and managerial advances in the cement industry. In order to reduce costs with fossil fuel, co-processing has been introduced in the industry [8]. Co-processing in clinker kilns is a process of high efficiency and high capacity of calorific value recovery: a kcal of residue fully replaces a kcal of fossil fuel and the residue is totally destroyed [25].…”

Section: Cement Manufacturing and Co-processing In Cement Kilnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to work promoted by ABCP -Brazilian Association of Portland Cement, most Brazilian affiliated companies are interested in co-processing industrial wastes as an alternative source of energy, preferably integrating the required logistics with the existing supply chain [7]. Such practice has a positive environmental impact: besides increasing the useful life of landfills, it can replace fossil fuels originally extracted from nature [8]. The aim of this paper is to implement a reverse logistics supply chain for the co-processing of industrial waste in a clinker plant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Substitution of fossil fuel by industrial waste in clinker kilns

Kadel¹,

Sellitto²,

Borchardt³

et al. 2014

Energy and Sustainability V

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The purpose of this article is to report a case for the use of industrial solid waste in substitution of fossil fuel in clinker kilns in the cement industry. The partially replaced fossil fuels originated in the oil industry. The industry calls this practice co-processing. The research took place in a cement industrial complex located in South America. The research method was the action-research. This type of method uses existing theories to plan interventions in the field, while at the same time uses the results to generate theoretical advances. The studied company uses rice husk and scrap tires as alternative fuels in clinker kilns and decided to add a mixture of industrial solid waste, processed in a blending plant. The research defined the location of the blending plant; the definition of a direct-reverse integrated logistic network; and the economic and environmental impacts of co-processing. In prior research, a potential of 1,250 tons per month of waste generated in the region were detected, adequate for co-processing. The main results were: reduction of logistics costs of 27%; reduction in fuel costs of 8%; reduction of about 12,000 tons of fossil fuel per year; and reduction of about 36,000 tons of CO 2 per year. An intangible gain in the company's strategy was a reduction in the dependence on oil international supply chains.

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Waste materials co-processing in cement industry: Ecological efficiency of waste reuse

Cited by 102 publications

References 36 publications

Reactive Extrusion of Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste and Investigation of Its Thermal and Mechanical Properties after Treatment

Reactive Extrusion of Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste and Investigation of Its Thermal and Mechanical Properties after Treatment

Variations and factors that influence the formation of polychlorinated naphthalenes in cement kilns co-processing solid waste

Substitution of fossil fuel by industrial waste in clinker kilns

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