Waste silica sources as heavy metal stabilizers for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Rodella, N.; Bosio, Alberto; Dalipi, Rogerta; Zacco, Annalisa; Borgese, Laura; Depero, Laura E.; Bontempi, Elza

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.04.006

Cited by 69 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This again reflects the wide variations expected in MSW and was possibly due to a higher concentration of salty food wastes and plastic materials in the MSW, however, the current results generally agree with those of Park et al [42]. Similarly a comparison of the present study with others studies shows that the Ca content was almost identical to two previously published papers [43,44], but lower than other published papers [41,45].…”

Section: Composition Of Mswsupporting

confidence: 49%

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Abdullah

Greetham

Pensupa

et al. 2016

J Fundam Renewable Energy

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This paper explores the possibility of using an industrially processed municipal solid waste (MSW) for cellulase enzyme production via solid state fermentation (SSF) by Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. Both fungi grew well on the MSW substrate and production of cellulase enzymes was optimized for temperature, moisture content, inoculation and period of incubation. The effect of additional minerals, and alternative carbon and nitrogen sources were also examined.Following optimization a cellulase activity of 26.10 ± 3.09 FPU/g could be produced using T. reesei at 30°C with a moisture content of 60% with an inoculums of 0.5 million spores/g and incubation for 168 hours. Addition of extra nitrogen and/or carbon did not improve cellulase accumulation. Acid or alkali pretreatment of MSW led to reduced cellulase production. Crude enzymes produced from MSW by T. reesei were evaluated for their ability to release glucose from MSW. A cellulose hydrolysis yield of 24.7% was achieved, which was close to that obtained using a commercial enzyme. Results demonstrated that MSW can be used as an inexpensive lignocellulosic material for the production of cellulase enzymes. Research has revealed that T. reesei can produce 13.4 FPU/g cellulase activity using water hyacinth [8]; 154.58 FPU/g using sugar cane bagasse [10]; 8.2 FPU/g using oil palm empty fruit bunches [11]; and 1.16 FPU/g using rice bran [12] as substrates. Similarly it has been reported that A. Niger could produce 24 FPU/g cellulase activity using wheat straw as a substrate [13]. Other substrates such as banana peel, rice straw, corn cob residue, rice husk, banana fruit stalk, and coconut coir pith have all being used for cellulase production [14,15]. Optimizing Cellulase Production fromAlthough MSW can contain a high lignocellulosic content, there has been limited research into the use of MSW for cellulase production. Other research demonstrated the possibility of using MSW to produce cellulase via SSF. But by using raw not autoclave MSW [16,17]. In this paper, we report an example of using an industrially processed MSW for cellulase production and then the use of the resulting "cellulase cocktail" for the enzymatic hydrolysis of MSW. Materials and Methods Municipal solid wasteMunicipal solid waste (MSW) was kindly supplied by Wilson Steam Storage Ltd (UK). The MSW had been subjected to commercial steam 15 min, respectively. After autoclaving, samples were neutralized to pH 7.0 using either 1 M NaOH or 1 M H 2 SO 4 as appropriate. The samples were then centrifuged at 5000 rpm (4472 g) for 10 min. The solid fraction (pellet) was rinsed three times by adding distilled water to the pellet and re-centrifuged. The solid fraction was then dried overnight at room temperature. Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and ApplicationsMicroorganisms: Two filamentous fungi, Trichoderma reesei QM6a and Aspergillus niger N402 were kindly donated by Professor David Archer (University of Nottingham, UK). Procedures for storing and cultivating T. reesei and A. n...

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Section: Composition Of Mswsupporting

confidence: 49%

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Abdullah

Greetham

Pensupa

et al. 2016

J Fundam Renewable Energy

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“…These two heavy metals are almost one order of magnitude higher in FA compared to BA and lower in CFA and FGD. As reported in Table 1, these ashes contain mostly Ca and S [14,39], while other elements are in low concentrations. Literature reports extremely high concentration of Si in CFA [27] but under this experimental conditions, Si could not be quantified.…”

Section: Txrf Analysismentioning

confidence: 78%

A Circular Economy Virtuous Example—Use of a Stabilized Waste Material Instead of Calcite to Produce Sustainable Composites

et al. 2020

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This work reports and analyzes the mechanical properties of some composites obtained using stabilized waste with epoxy resins E-227. For comparison, correspondent composite samples were realized using calcite as a filler. The recovered stabilized waste was obtained by means of a new method to stabilize municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA), based on the use of bottom ash (BA). The aim of this paper is to show that the stabilization process, which can be considered a zero—waste treatment, produces inert materials, that can be reused as a filler. The production of new filler was made on a pilot plant, designed to verify the transferability of the proposed stabilization technology. Mechanical analysis revealed that flexural modulus raises by increasing the filler content around 30% wt, independently of filler type, stabilized sample or calcium carbonate. Mechanical properties are lower in the samples with the high amount of filler due to the crowding effect. The morphology of composite materials showed a non-homogeneous dispersion of particles in stabilized sample filler, characterized by large particle agglomerates. Finally, according to the ESCAPE simplified method, the obtained composites result more sustainable in comparison with the corresponding ones produced by using natural resources (like calcite). These findings open new possibilities for the reuse of the stabilized material, in frame of circular economy principles, with environmental and economic advantages.

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“…Recent studies led by Guarienti et al(2014), Zacco et al (2012), Bontempi et al (2010 and Park (2009) have also reported the use of colloidal silica, which leads to a relatively cheap, highly reactive and no-toxic alternative for waste stabilisation. Moreover, other authors proposed the application of silica fume (Rodella et al 2014) and rice husk ash (Bosio et al 2014a) as silica sources. Other example of solidification/stabilisation process could be geopolymerisation which is the reaction between a solid aluminosilicate and a highly concentrated aqueous alkali hydroxide or silicate solution at room or low temperatures (40-90°C) ).…”

Section: Chemical Stabilisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental sustainability assessment of the management of municipal solid waste incineration residues: a review of the current situation

Margallo

Taddei

Hernández-Pellón

et al. 2015

Clean Techn Environ Policy

121

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Incineration has become an attractive option for municipal solid waste (MSW) management, due to its several benefits. In fact, it allows volume and mass reduction of waste and energy recovery from MSW combustion. Nevertheless, MSW incineration (MSWI) produces three main types of residues: bottom ash (BA), fly ash (FA) and air pollution control (APC) residues, which require an adequate handling. BA is the most significant by-product from MSWI and is generally considered as nonhazardous waste. Instead, FAs are included as hazardous wastes because are characterised by high content of chlorides, heavy metals and organic compounds. The aim of this paper was to examine the characteristics of MSWI solid residues, the management and reuse of these wastes and their environmental assessment from a life cycle perspective. It was noted that the main components that make up the residues are lead and zinc as well as oxides, mainly CaO, SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 . Furthermore, it is necessary to take into account the presence of PCDD/F which characterised FA and APC residues, mainly due to chlorine content. Chemical and physical properties of those residues make possible their reuse as construction material, as adsorbent, as well as in geotechnical and agricultural applications. Nevertheless, several studies have demonstrated that a drawback of the reuse of MSWI residues is the existence of heavy metals in elevated concentrations which may affect the environmental quality. In this regard, many studies were aimed to assess the environmental impact related to the introduction of MSWI residues as secondary material in several fields of application.

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Waste silica sources as heavy metal stabilizers for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Cited by 69 publications

References 19 publications

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

A Circular Economy Virtuous Example—Use of a Stabilized Waste Material Instead of Calcite to Produce Sustainable Composites

Environmental sustainability assessment of the management of municipal solid waste incineration residues: a review of the current situation

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