Waste-to-wheel analysis of anaerobic-digestion-based renewable natural gas pathways with the GREET model.

Han, Jeongwoo; Mintz, Marianne; Wang, M.

doi:10.2172/1036091

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In this study, the net emissions of GWP, which were calculated from the total emissions of GWP minus the emission credits, were 1.76 kg CO 2 -eq for 1 m 3 CBG production, or about 48 g CO 2 -eq for 1 MJ CBG production. They were higher than the -39 g CO 2 -eq for 1 MJ obtained by Han et al [40]. The reason was that Han et al [40] did not include CH 4 and N 2 O emissions during digestate storage, which were almost 60% of the total emissions based on this study.…”

Section: Environmental Performance Of Large-scale Cbg Systemcontrasting

confidence: 72%

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Life Cycle Assessment of Large-scale Compressed Bio-natural Gas Production in China: A Case Study on Manure Co-digestion with Corn Stover

Yang

Zhu

et al. 2019

Energies

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Compressed bio-natural gas (CBG) production from large-scale systems has been recognized as promising because of the abundance of manure and crop residue feedstocks and its environmental friendliness. This study is a life cycle assessment using the local database of an operating large-scale CBG system of manure co-digestion with corn stover in China and eBalance software. The results showed that the system’s Primary Energy Input to Output (PEIO) ratio was 20%. Its anaerobic digestion process was the main contributor to energy consumption, accounting for 76%. Among the six environmental impacts investigated in this study, the global warming potential (GWP) was the major environmental impact, and the digestate effluent management process was the main contributor to the GWP, accounting for 60%. The mitigation potential of the system, compared with reference case for GWP, was 3.19 kg CO2-eq for 1 m3 CBG production. In the future, the GWP mitigation could be 479 × 106 metric tons CO2-eq with 150 × 109 m3 yr−1 CBG production from the entire China. This study provides a reference on large-scale CBG production system for establishing a localized life cycle assessment inventory database in China.

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Section: Environmental Performance Of Large-scale Cbg Systemcontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…They were higher than the -39 g CO 2 -eq for 1 MJ obtained by Han et al [40]. The reason was that Han et al [40] did not include CH 4 and N 2 O emissions during digestate storage, which were almost 60% of the total emissions based on this study.…”

Section: Environmental Performance Of Large-scale Cbg Systemcontrasting

confidence: 72%

Life Cycle Assessment of Large-scale Compressed Bio-natural Gas Production in China: A Case Study on Manure Co-digestion with Corn Stover

Yang

Zhu

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…Based on the manure production and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 28 days, a 4840 m 3 digester volume is required to handle the inputs from the design farm. Electricity is used at a rate of 7 kWh ton –1 of wet manure for pumping and monitoring operations . In addition, a 3.6 kW power and 5600 m 3 day –1 and flow rate gas processing unit is required for removal of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), which damages equipment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From waste‐to‐worth: energy, emissions, and nutrient implications of manure processing pathways

Aguirre-Villegas

Larson

Reinemann

2014

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Four manure processing pathways are evaluated to provide a system-level understanding of their impacts on different sustainability indicators. In particular we look at how solid-liquid separation (SLS), anaerobic digestion (AD), and AD+SLS affect depletion of fossil fuels (DFF), nutrient balances, global warming potential (GWP), and ammonia emissions when compared to the base-case (BC) pathway of direct land application. Lifecycle sustainability assessment techniques are applied to develop inventory data and model a Wisconsin dairy farm. For the BC, net GWP is 101.2 kg CO 2 -eq, DFFS is 106.1 MJ, ammonia emissions are 2.62 kg, and nitrogen availability is 2.45 kg per ton of excreted manure. Net GWP is reduced in all pathways compared to BC by 19% for SLS, 48% for AD, and 47% for AD+SLS. DFF is reduced by 43% for AD and 40% for AD+SLS, but increased by 13% for SLS. Ammonia emissions are increased in all pathways by 2% for SLS, 40% for AD, and 44% for AD+SLS. Nitrogen availability remains the same in SLS but decreases in AD and AD+SLS due to higher ammonia volatilization, which could be reduced by injecting manure. Ratios of fossil energy (FER AD ) and energy return on investment (EROI AD ) of 3.7 and 0.98-1.8 are determined for AD pathways, compared to FER of 0.29 and EROI of 0.27 for grid electricity. When allocating results to specifi c outputs, variability can be reduced by applying system subdivision and allocation. Sensitivity analyses highlight the importance of reducing emissions during manure storage and the infl uence of changes in fertilizer and sand bedding.

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“…Different scenarios were characterized in the Greenhouse gases, Regulated, Emissions and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model as methane was modeled as a transportation fuel. The authors concluded that methane production has lower GHG emissions than fossil fuels production, but also has higher energy requirements …”

Section: Relation To Existing Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of management and co‐digestion on life cycle emissions and energy from anaerobic digestion

2015

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This study applies life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques to evaluate the processes controling the environmental impacts of anaerobic digestion (AD) pathways on a modeled dairy farm setting representative of Wisconsin. Seven electricity‐producing AD pathways are compared against a base‐case (BC) pathway to understand the effect of management practices, co‐digestion strategies, and energy conversion processes on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, ammonia (NH3) emissions, depletion of fossil fuels (DFF), and nutrient balances. The pathway selected has a substantial influence on the estimates of environmental impacts. GHG emissions range from 178 to 267 kg CO2‐eq GJ−1, NH3 emissions range from 11 to 18 kg GJ−1, DFF range from 176 to 327 MJ GJ−1, and N availability ranges from 7 to 15 kg GJ−1 of produced energy. The results of this paper show that the environmental benefits and concerns of anaerobic digestion systems can be further improved with the adoption of management practices on‐farm. Injection of digestate during land application is an effective management practice to reduce NH3 emissions, which at the same time increases N availability and reduces GHG emissions and DFF given that the manufacturing of purchased fertilizers is fossil energy intensive. Co‐digesting manure with corn stover and switchgrass increases energy production. Recovering heat has proven to be an easy to adopt strategy that improves all sustainability indicators without implementing major operational changes. Finally, 100 kg CO2‐eq GJ−1, 4.2 kg NH3 GJ−1 and 566 MJ GJ−1 are determined for GHG emissions, NH3 emissions and DFF respectively for a compressed biogas pathway. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Waste-to-wheel analysis of anaerobic-digestion-based renewable natural gas pathways with the GREET model.

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Life Cycle Assessment of Large-scale Compressed Bio-natural Gas Production in China: A Case Study on Manure Co-digestion with Corn Stover

Life Cycle Assessment of Large-scale Compressed Bio-natural Gas Production in China: A Case Study on Manure Co-digestion with Corn Stover

From waste‐to‐worth: energy, emissions, and nutrient implications of manure processing pathways

Effects of management and co‐digestion on life cycle emissions and energy from anaerobic digestion

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