Waste treatment and optimal degree of pollution abatement

Romero-Hernandez, Omar; Pistikopoulos, E.N.; Livingston, Andrew G.

doi:10.1002/ep.670170418

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The WAR algorithm designed for pollutant and waste reduction, considering both the physical amount of waste produced and the environmental impacts, particularly toxicity, of the waste . Various applications of the WAR algorithm considered, in addition to the process of interest, processes such as raw materials extraction, power generation, production of intermediate inputs and waste treatment …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Sustainable process design by the process to planet framework

Hanes

Bakshi

2015

AIChE Journal

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Sustainable process design (SPD) problems combine a process design problem with life cycle assessment (LCA) to optimize process economics and life cycle environmental impacts. While SPD makes use of recent advances in process systems engineering and optimization, its use of LCA has stagnated. Currently, only process LCA is utilized in SPD, resulting in designs based on incomplete and potentially inaccurate life cycle information. To address these shortcomings, the multiscale process to planet (P2P) modeling framework is applied to formulate and solve the SPD problem. The P2P framework offers a more comprehensive analysis boundary than conventional SPD and greater modeling detail than advanced LCA methodologies. Benefits of applying this framework to SPD are demonstrated with an ethanol process design case study. Results show that current methods shift emissions outside the analysis boundary, while applying the P2P modeling framework results in environmentally superior process designs. Future extensions of the P2P framework are discussed. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3320–3331, 2015

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Sustainable process design by the process to planet framework

Hanes

Bakshi

2015

AIChE Journal

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“…The Responsible Care initiative of the chemical industry began tracking energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in 2005, although not all countries take into account indirect emissions (Responsible Care 2009). Already, with regard to some technologies, such as waste treatment and solvent distillation, researchers argue that efforts to minimize emissions may, in some cases, exceed the environmental benefits (Romero‐Hernandez et al 1998; Jankowitsch et al 2001; Romero‐Hernandez 2004). Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an ideal tool to assess this matter, because it allows accounting for direct emissions and environmental impacts as well as the indirect emissions caused elsewhere in the supply chain (“cradle‐to‐gate” assessment).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Importance of Energy Use in Chemical Production

Wernet

Mutel

Hellweg

et al. 2010

Journal of Industrial Ecology

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SummaryIn many cases, policy makers and laymen perceive harmful emissions from chemical plants as the most important source of environmental impacts in chemical production. As a result, regulations and environmental efforts have tended to focus on this area. Concerns about energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, however, are increasing in all industrial sectors. Using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, we analyzed the full environmental impacts of producing 99 chemical products in Western Europe from cradle to factory gate. We applied several life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods to cover various impact areas. Our analysis shows that for both organic and inorganic chemical production in industrial countries, energy-related impacts often represent more than half and sometimes up to 80% of the total impacts, according to a range of LCIA methods. Resource use for material feedstock is also important, whereas direct emissions from chemical plants may make up only 5% to 10% of the total environmental impacts. Additionally, the energy-related impacts of organic chemical production increase with the complexity of the chemicals. The results of this study offer important information for policy makers and sustainability experts in the chemical industry striving to reduce environmental impacts. We identify more sustainable energy production and use as an important option for improvements in the environmental profile of chemical production in industrial countries, especially for the production of advanced organic and fine chemicals.

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“…Pistkopoulos et al (1994) proposed a methodology to estimate various environmental impacts by minimizing a particular process through a cost function, which describes a relationship between impacts and process model. Hernandez et al (1998) proposed a model for pollution abatement. Kniel et al (1996) presented an LCA case study for nitric acid.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated approach for risk‐based life cycle assessment and multi‐criteria decision‐making

Sadiq

Khan²

2006

Business Process Management Journal

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637150610710927Business Process Management Journal, 12, 6, pp. 770-792, 2006-11-01 An Integrated approach for risk-based life cycle assessment and multicriteria decision-making -selection, design and evaluation of cleaner and greener processes Sadiq, R.; Khan, F. I. ABSTRACT Cleaner and greener technologies for process and product selection and design have gained popularity in recent years. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a systematic approach that enables selection of cleaner and greener products and processes. Recently, significant progress has been made for the use of LCA for product/process evaluation and selection, however, its use in process design and environmental decision-making has not been fully exploited. There are challenging activities which require trade-offs among conflicting attributes like cost, technical feasibility and environmental impacts. These attributes can be analysed at the early design stage by considering the full life cycle of a process (and/or a product). A cleaner and greener process referred economical, technically feasible and environmental friendly alternative. This paper proposes an integrated methodology for design by combining LCA with multi-criteria decisionmaking. This methodology is simple and applicable at the early design stage and guide decisionmaking under uncertainty. Application of the methodology is demonstrated through a case study of urea production.

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Waste treatment and optimal degree of pollution abatement

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Sustainable process design by the process to planet framework

Sustainable process design by the process to planet framework

The Environmental Importance of Energy Use in Chemical Production

An integrated approach for risk‐based life cycle assessment and multi‐criteria decision‐making

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