Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Early Detection of Viral Outbreaks

Xagoraraki, Irene; O’Brien, Evan

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17819-2_5

Cited by 163 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…The possibility of using wastewater-based epidemiology for early detection of viral outbreaks has been previously discussed (Xagoraraki and O'Brien 2020;O'Brien and Xagoraraki 2019). Quantification of the concentrations of a human virus, such as SARS-CoV-2, in wastewater is a critical first step in the development of wastewater-based epidemiology predictive methods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 in Detroit Wastewater

Miyani

Fonoll²,

Norton³

et al. 2020

J. Environ. Eng.

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Untreated wastewater samples were collected from the Great Lakes Water Authority (GLWA) Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) located in southeast Michigan between April 8 and May 26, 2020. The WRRF is the largest single-site wastewater treatment facility in the US, and it receives wastewater from its service area via three main interceptors: Detroit River Interceptor (DRI), North Interceptor-East Arm (NI-EA), and Oakwood-Northwest-Wayne County Interceptor (O-NWI). A total of 54 untreated wastewater samples were collected (18 per interceptor) at the point of intake into the WRRF. Viruses were isolated from wastewater using electropositive NanoCeram column filters (Argonide, Sanford, Florida). For each sample, an average of 45 L of wastewater was passed through NanoCeram electropositive cartridge filters at a rate of no more than 11.3 L=m. Viruses were eluted and concentrated and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) concentrations were quantified with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 100% of samples, and measured concentrations were in the range of 10 4-10 5 genomic copies/L. Quantification of concentrations of human viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, in wastewater is a critical first step in the development of wastewater-based epidemiology predictive methods. However, accurate prediction involves the incorporation of multiple other measurements, data, and processes, such as the estimation of fate and detention times of viruses in the sewer collection network, estimation of contributing population, incorporation of disease characteristics based on anthropometric data, and others. A viral disease prediction model (Viral PD) that incorporates all these other inputs is currently being developed for COVID-19 in Detroit, Michigan.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 in Detroit Wastewater

Miyani

Fonoll²,

Norton³

et al. 2020

J. Environ. Eng.

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“…Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a promising approach to understand the status of disease outbreak in a certain catchment by monitoring viral load in the wastewater, as it contains excrement from both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals ( Xagoraraki and O'Brien, 2020 ; Choi et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2015 ). WBE was an effective tool during past outbreak of other enteric viruses, such as poliovirus, hepatitis A and norovirus ( Hellmér et al, 2014 ; Asghar et al, 2014 ; Kitajima et al, 2020 ; Kumar et al, 2020a , Kumar et al, 2020b ), it can be used as an early warning tool for the disease outbreak in a community and used to inform the efficacy of the current public health interventions ( Ahmed et al, 2020a , Ahmed et al, 2020b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First proof of the capability of wastewater surveillance for COVID-19 in India through detection of genetic material of SARS-CoV-2

Kumar

Patel

Shah

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

429

324

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We made the first ever successful effort in India to detect the genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 viruses to understand the capability and application of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) surveillance in India. Sampling was carried out on 8 and 27 May 2020 at the Old Pirana Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) at Ahmedabad, Gujarat that receives effluent from Civil Hospital treating COVID-19 patients. All three, i.e. ORF1ab, N and S genes of SARS-CoV-2, were found in the influent with no genes detected in effluent collected on 8 and 27 May 2020. Increase in SARS-CoV-2 genetic loading in the wastewater between 8 and 27 May 2020 samples concurred with corresponding increase in the number of active COVID-19 patients in the city. The number of gene copies was comparable to that reported in untreated wastewaters of Australia, China and Turkey and lower than that of the USA, France and Spain. However, temporal changes in SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations need to be substantiated further from the perspectives of daily and short-term changes of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater through long-term monitoring. The study results SARS-CoV-2 will assist concerned authorities and policymakers to formulate and/or upgrade COVID-19 surveillance to have a more explicit picture of the pandemic curve. While infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 through the excreted viral genetic material in the aquatic environment is still being debated, the presence and detection of genes in wastewater systems makes a strong case for the environmental surveillance of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…However, the numbers of research projects and pilot studies currently planned or in progress globally far exceed these and are rapidly growing. Three current review articles discuss many of the complex issues surrounding the application of WBE to infectious disease tracking -Covid-19 in particular (Kitajima et al, 2020;Sims and Kasprzyk-Hordern, 2020;and Xagoraraki and O'Brien, 2020). A theoretical assessment of WBE's feasibility and cost in monitoring for Covid-19 at scale is presented by Hart and Halden (2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: The present and future

Daughton¹

2020

Science of The Total Environment

333

269

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Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) could play critical roles in the Covid-19 pandemic. • WBE can help solve the pressing problem of insufficient clinical diagnostic testing. • It could serve to better target and direct the application of diagnostic testing. • It could help reduce countless domino effects from the pandemic. • WBE might be the only means for providing rapid, inexpensive mass surveys.

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Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Early Detection of Viral Outbreaks

Cited by 163 publications

References 139 publications

SARS-CoV-2 in Detroit Wastewater

SARS-CoV-2 in Detroit Wastewater

First proof of the capability of wastewater surveillance for COVID-19 in India through detection of genetic material of SARS-CoV-2

Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: The present and future

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