Wastewater monitoring by means of e-nose, VE-tongue, TD-GC-MS, and SPME-GC-MS

Development of a wide-range soft sensor for predicting wastewater BOD5 using an eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) machine

“…Specifically, the objective function used in determining the optimal parameters of an SVM model seeks to maximize generalizability (Liu & Xie, 2020;Jiang et al, 2020). Because of this, SVM can be used even with relatively small datasets, which can be important when analysing novel processes and technologies (Hosseinzadeh et al, 2022;Moufid et al, 2021). The disadvantage of SVM is that its generalizability objective may lead the model to overfit to the dominant condition in the dataset (Jaramillo et al, 2018).…”

An Outlook of Recent Advances in Chemiresistive Sensor-Based Electronic Nose Systems for Food Quality and Environmental Monitoring

“…Moufid et al developed an Enose platform consisting of six commercial SMO-based gas sensors in combination with voltametric e-tongue and used pattern recognition techniques such as PCA, SVM, and HCA to investigate its ability to distinguish between contaminated and clean samples (Figure 9a) [122]. Samples were also tested using traditional thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) and solid phase micro extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) to better assess the findings obtained from Enose and e-tongue.…”

“…(a) Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) dendrogram obtained from air (A) and headspace (B) of the studied samples. Reprinted with permission[122]. (b) Regression plot obtained from waxy crude oil analysis.…”

Novel solid‐phase microextraction fiber coatings: A review

“…Metal oxides used in chemical sensors are usually applied for the preparation of the extraction phase. Robust, efficient, and cheap SPME coatings have been designed with the metal oxides that possessed excellent properties of large surface-to-volume ratio, good adsorption ability, and high thermal stability, such as cobalt oxide, titanium dioxide, lead oxide, zirconium oxide, and zinc oxide [154][155][156][157]. The main preparation approaches are hydrothermal growth, electrodeposition, and pyrolysis-glue adhesion.…”