Wastewater Treatment Plants as System Service Provider for Renewable Energy Storage and Control Energy in Virtual Power Plants – A Potential Analysis

Schäfer, Michael; Gretzschel, Oliver; Schmitt, Theo G.; Knerr, Henning

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.566

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The VPP-based ancillary services can be obtained by aggregating the WWTPs. However, to provide a positive control reserve, flexible plant components should be examined to identify the maximum downtime, ensuring the smooth operation of WWTP processes [172].…”

Section: Dr Potential In Wwtp With Increased Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Commercial and Industrial Demand Response Flexibility with Energy Storage Systems and Renewable Energy

Yasmin,

Amin,

Shah

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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The transition from traditional fuel-dependent energy systems to renewable energy-based systems has been extensively embraced worldwide. Demand-side flexibility is essential to support the power grid with carbon-free generation (e.g., solar, wind.) in an intermittent nature. As extensive energy consumers, commercial and industrial (C&I) consumers can play a key role by extending their flexibility and participating in demand response. Onsite renewable generation by consumers can reduce the consumption from the grid, while energy storage systems (ESSs) can support variable generation and shift demand by storing energy for later use. Both technologies can increase the flexibility and benefit by integrating with the demand response. However, a lack of knowledge about the applicability of increasing flexibility hinders the active participation of C&I consumers in demand response programs. This survey paper provides an overview of demand response and energy storage systems in this context following a methodology of a step-by-step literature review covering the period from 2013 to 2023. The literature review focuses on the application of energy storage systems and onsite renewable generation integrated with demand response for C&I consumers and is presented with an extensive analysis. This survey also examines the demand response participation and potential of wastewater treatment plants. The extended research on the wastewater treatment plant identifies the potential opportunities of coupling biogas with PV, extracting the thermal energy and onsite hydrogen production. Finally, the survey analysis is summarised, followed by critical recommendations for future research.

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Section: Dr Potential In Wwtp With Increased Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Commercial and Industrial Demand Response Flexibility with Energy Storage Systems and Renewable Energy

Yasmin,

Amin,

Shah

et al. 2024

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Other objectives have also been considered such as improving energy efficiency (Di Fraia, Massarotti, & Vanoli, 2018;Henriques & Catarino, 2017), operating wastewater treatment processes on a partial load (M. Schäfer et al, 2017), as well as taking advantage of the design capacity of a wastewater facility, and using oversized tanks to delay some treatment (up to a few days) to boost flexible operation and other DR opportunities (Filipe, Bessa, Reis, Alves, & Póvoa, 2019;Kirchem, Lynch, Bertsch, & Casey, 2018;Olsen, Goli, & Faulkner, 2012;M. Schäfer et al, 2017;M. Schäfer, Gretzschel, Schmitt, & Knerr, 2015).…”

Section: Dr Research In Wastewater Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some strategies include modifying the operation of aeration units (Asadi, Verma, Yang, & Mejabi, 2017; O. Nowak, Keil, & Fimml, 2011), operating the aeration unit intermittently (Giberti, Dereli, Flynn, & Casey, 2020), generating biogas through anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater (S. Nowak, Kushler, & Witte, 2014), installing combined heat and power (CHP) units for producing the plant's heat and power needs (O. Nowak et al, 2011; Seier & Schebek, 2017), and using organic waste in digesters (i.e., codigestion) to increase energy cogeneration (S. Nowak et al, 2014; Schwarzenbeck, Bomball, & Pfeiffer, 2008). Other objectives have also been considered such as improving energy efficiency (Di Fraia, Massarotti, & Vanoli, 2018; Henriques & Catarino, 2017), operating wastewater treatment processes on a partial load (M. Schäfer et al, 2017), as well as taking advantage of the design capacity of a wastewater facility, and using oversized tanks to delay some treatment (up to a few days) to boost flexible operation and other DR opportunities (Filipe, Bessa, Reis, Alves, & Póvoa, 2019; Kirchem, Lynch, Bertsch, & Casey, 2018; Olsen, Goli, & Faulkner, 2012; M. Schäfer et al, 2017; M. Schäfer, Gretzschel, Schmitt, & Knerr, 2015).…”

Section: Dr Research Efforts and Applications In The Water And Wastew...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging thewater‐energynexus to derive benefits for the electric grid throughdemand‐sidemanagement in the water supply and wastewater sectors

et al. 2021

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Leveraging the potential flexibility of large electrical loads has become an attractive option for maintaining grid reliability, especially in electric grids with high penetrations of variable renewable energy. The water sector is a particularly attractive option for demand‐side flexibility due to its vast water storage infrastructure, large interruptible pumping loads, and energy generation opportunities. Shifting the timing of water supply and wastewater utility operations can reduce peak load and temporally align energy‐consuming activities with periods of cheap electricity prices and/or high renewable energy generation. This paper presents a general overview of demand‐side management strategies in water and wastewater systems, focusing primarily on demand‐response measures. We find that while there is consensus in the literature about the potential for water systems to provide flexible demand‐side management services, there is a need for developing comprehensive water‐energy models to examine the value of load management as a source of revenue for water utilities and as a source of flexibility for the electric grid. More experimental studies and simulation efforts are also needed to address the technical complexities and water quality concerns associated with interrupting water and wastewater utility operations. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water Engineering Water > Planning Water

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“…Unsurprisingly, countries like Germany take a leading part in development and realized/planned PtX projects [21]. For the German water sector, potential analysis shows that a significant contribution can be provided in terms of ancillary services, as well as gas flow rates, for long-term storage [16,22], which applies for other countries as well.…”

Section: Sector Coupling With Wwtpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible Roles of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Sector Coupling

2020

Self Cite

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The development of a power system based on high shares of renewable energy sources puts high demands on power grids and the remaining controllable power generation plants, load management and the storage of energy. To reach climate protection goals and a significant reduction of CO 2 , surplus energies from fluctuating renewables have to be used to defossilize not only the power production sector but the mobility, heat and industry sectors as well, which is called sector coupling. In this article, the role of wastewater treatment plants by means of sector coupling is pictured, discussed and evaluated. The results show significant synergies-for example, using electrical surplus energy to produce hydrogen and oxygen with an electrolyzer to use them for long-term storage and enhancing purification processes on the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Furthermore, biofuels and storable methane gas can be produced or integrate the WWTP into a local heating network. An interconnection in many fields of different research sectors are given and show that a practical utilization is possible and reasonable for WWTPs to contribute with sustainable energy concepts to defossilization.Energies 2020, 13, 2088 2 of 20 reached, like in Uruguay, Germany and the United Kingdom [6]. The gradual extension of RES and the expedited abandonment of fossil and nuclear energy production results in new problems but also new opportunities for power supplies. There is a shift from demand-oriented power generation to a production-driven generation of electrical energy. In an electricity system with a high share of RES, flexibility options are needed to counterbalance fluctuating wind and solar-based power production to maintain the high standards in its supply [7]. For now, there are just a few hours of surplus energy but with proportions of more than 60% RES; times in which supply exceeds demand are increasing significantly. On this basis, there will be a high need of short-term flexibility in the near future to stabilize power grids and further integrate RES into the energy grids [8]. Short-term storage options are classified in the range of seconds up to 24 h (daily storage). These energy surpluses and deficits have to be balanced by flexible energy generators and consumers. Furthermore, long-term storage capacities are needed to provide enough energy in times of deficits on a larger scale. This is caused by longer periods of low amounts of available wind and sun. To compensate these fluctuations and store or generate energy, based on its availability, fundamentally different applications compared to short-term flexibility are required [9].Energy has always been stored, but the focus and the technologies used have changed. Storage concepts like pumped storage plants, battery or compressed air systems are not suitable for long-term storage-too expensive or cannot provide enough capacities for an extensive use in every country [10]. Additionally, ecological issues and resource scarcity have to be considered. Unlike solar and wind-based energy p...

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Wastewater Treatment Plants as System Service Provider for Renewable Energy Storage and Control Energy in Virtual Power Plants – A Potential Analysis

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

A Survey of Commercial and Industrial Demand Response Flexibility with Energy Storage Systems and Renewable Energy

A Survey of Commercial and Industrial Demand Response Flexibility with Energy Storage Systems and Renewable Energy

Leveraging thewater‐energynexus to derive benefits for the electric grid throughdemand‐sidemanagement in the water supply and wastewater sectors

The Possible Roles of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Sector Coupling

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