Water and wastewater disinfection with ozone: A critical review

Kinman, Riley N.; Rempel, George

doi:10.1080/10643387509381625

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We speculated that temperature may affect the efficacy of ozone, as temperature can influence the solubility and decomposition rate of ozone. However, our results showed that temperature (5°C and 20°C) did not have a significant effect on the efficacy of ozone for inactivating MNV, as has been shown in previous studies with Escherichia coli (20,39). On the other hand, the pH of the solution had a significant effect on the efficacy of ozone.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Characterization of Ozone Disinfection of Murine Norovirus

Lim

Kim

Lee

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Despite the importance of human noroviruses (NoVs) in public health, little information concerning the effectiveness of ozone against NoVs is available. We determined the efficacy of ozone disinfection using murine norovirus (MNV) as a surrogate of human NoV. MNV in ozone demand-free buffer was exposed to a predetermined dose of ozone at two different pHs and temperatures. The virus remaining in the solution was analyzed by plaque assay, real-time TaqMan reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) (short template), and long-template conventional RT-PCR. Under all conditions, more than 99% of the MNV was inactivated by ozone at 1 mg/liter within 2 min. Both RT-PCR assays significantly underestimated the inactivation of MNV, compared with that measured by plaque assay. Our results indicate that NoV may be more resistant to ozone than has been previously reported. Nevertheless, proper ozone disinfection practices can be used to easily control its transmission in water.Noroviruses (NoVs) are the major etiological agent of gastroenteritis in all age groups worldwide and are transmitted via a fecal-oral route (3,18,22,27,35). As important waterborne and food-borne pathogens, they are included on the U.S. EPA Contaminant Candidate List 3 (CCL 3) (7, 11). Water can be contaminated by NoV-containing feces released from either symptomatic or asymptomatic patients (26). High concentrations of the virus in fecal matter of infected people (ϳ10 9 viral particles/g of feces) (25), low infectious doses (Ͻ10 viral particles) (32), and high resistance to various environmental stresses (9, 21) contribute to the high prevalence of outbreaks caused by NoV. Proper disinfection of drinking and recreational water is necessary to prevent waterborne outbreaks (33).Among currently available analytical methods of virus cultivation, the plaque assay is the most convenient and commonly applied analytical method for determining virus inactivation by a disinfectant (6, 12). However, no conventional cultivation assays or convenient laboratory animal models have been available for human NoV. Thus, despite the importance of NoV in public health, limited information is available regarding the effectiveness of various disinfectants against NoV.Ozone (O 3 ), a strong oxidizing agent, has been widely used as a disinfectant in drinking water treatment plants in many European countries, receiving more attention after the discovery of potentially harmful chlorine by-products (37, 38). Owing to its high effectiveness and lack of residue after disinfection, ozone can be used for both surface and groundwater disinfection. Previously, a number of ozone disinfection studies of enteric viruses such as adenoviruses and enteroviruses have been reported (29,33). In all of these studies, ozone disinfection was determined by either plaque assay of feline calicivirus (FCV) or long-template (LT) reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assay of human NoV. FCV, a member of the Caliciviridae family, is easily cultivated in vitro and has been commonly used as a surrogate of NoV (10, ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Characterization of Ozone Disinfection of Murine Norovirus

Lim

Kim

Lee

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The EPA (198) estimates the cost of ozone disinfection for a 10 MGD wastewater treatment plant to be 3.49,/1000 gal as compared to chlorine disinfection costs of 1.420/1000 gal. Others have made similar cost comparisons and arrived at similar results (27,197,199). Ozone is expensive because it takes large amounts of energy to generate it and the capital cost for the generating equipment is high (197).…”

Section: Alternatives To Chlorinationsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Others have made similar cost comparisons and arrived at similar results (27,197,199). Ozone is expensive because it takes large amounts of energy to generate it and the capital cost for the generating equipment is high (197). The second disadvantage of ozone for water treatment is the lack of a residual to prevent regrowth or contamination in the distribution system.…”

Section: Alternatives To Chlorinationsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Sonics Heckroth (196) reports the use of sonic vibration in conjunction with ozone as disinfectants in a plant constructed in Indiantown, Florida and maintains that the sonic vibration greatly improves disinfection. Kinman (197) argues that Heckroth's data do not show improved disinfection with sonic vibration. No work has been done with sonic vibration as the principal disinfectant.…”

Section: Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since ozone must be generated on site, the amount of maintenance and repair work necessary is usually greater than with chlorine. Like chlorine, ozone is highly toxic in air so precautions must be taken to prevent its release (197). A review by Kinman (197) summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of ozone.…”

Section: Alternatives To Chlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental health sciences center task force review on halogenated organics in drinking water

Deinzer¹,

Schaumburg²,

Klein³

1978

Environ Health Perspect

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The disinfection of drinking water by chlorination has in recent years come under closer scrutiny because of the potential hazards associated with the production of stable chlorinated organic chemicals. Organic chemical contaminants are common to all water supplies and it is now well-established that chlorinated by-products are obtained under conditions of disinfection, or during tertiary treatment of sewage whose products can ultimately find their way into drinking water supplies. Naturally occurring humic substances which are invariably present in drinking waters are probably the source of chloroform and other halogenated methanes, and chloroform has shown up in every water supply investigated thus far. The Environmental Protection Agency is charged with the responsibility of assessing the public health effects resulting from the consumption of contaminated drinking water. It has specifically undertaken the task of determining whether organic contaminants or their chlorinated derivatives have a special impact, and if so, what alternatives there are to protect the consumer against bacterial and viral diseases that are transmitted through infected drinking waters. The impetus to look at these chemicals is not entirely without some prima facie evidence of potential trouble. Epidemiological studies suggested a higher incidence of cancer along the lower Mississippi River where the contamination from organic chemicals is particularly high. The conclusions from these studies have, to be sure, not gone unchallenged. The task of assessing the effects of chemicals in the drinking water is a difficult one. It includes many variables, including differences in water supplies and the temporal relationship between contamination and consumption of the finished product. It must also take into account the relative importance of the effects from these chemicals in comparison to those from occupational exposure, ingestion of contaminated foods, inhalation of polluted air, and many others. The susceptibility of different age, genetic, and ethnic groups within the population must also be carefully considered. The present review discusses: the reasons for disinfection; the general occurrence of chlorinated organics in drinking water; the chemistry in the synthesis of chlorinated organics under aqueous conditions; and alternatives to chlorine for disinfection.

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Degradation of surfactant used in iron mining by oxidation technique: Fenton, photo‐Fenton, and H₂O₂/UV—A comparative study

et al. 2020

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Reuse of water in mining helps reduce the volume of tailings directed to dams, avoiding overloads and ruptures, as occurred in Brumadinho, Brazil. Water reuse in mining requires treatment mainly for removing the surfactant substances used. Photo-Fenton and UV/H 2 O 2 showed 96% to 98% degradation results of anionic surfactants within 5 minutes, suggesting this technique is faster than biological systems that can take days. This paper aims to study the degradation of a surfactant used in the flotation process by UV/H 2 O 2 , Fenton, and photo-Fenton oxidation techniques. The compound was characterized by FTIR and MALDI-TOF. In degradation experiments, the variation in reactants concentrations was evaluated with hydrogen peroxide, iron sulphate heptahydrate, and oxalic acid. We used a synthetic solution of surfactant in the reverse flotation of ore with 180 mg/L. The reaction was monitored with TOC analysis and a spectrophotometer throughout the reaction. The UV/H 2 O 2 and

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Water and wastewater disinfection with ozone: A critical review

Cited by 29 publications

References 3 publications

Characterization of Ozone Disinfection of Murine Norovirus

Characterization of Ozone Disinfection of Murine Norovirus

Environmental health sciences center task force review on halogenated organics in drinking water

Degradation of surfactant used in iron mining by oxidation technique: Fenton, photo‐Fenton, and H₂O₂/UV—A comparative study

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Water and wastewater disinfection with ozone: A critical review

Cited by 29 publications

References 3 publications

Characterization of Ozone Disinfection of Murine Norovirus

Characterization of Ozone Disinfection of Murine Norovirus

Environmental health sciences center task force review on halogenated organics in drinking water

Degradation of surfactant used in iron mining by oxidation technique: Fenton, photo‐Fenton, and H2O2/UV—A comparative study

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Degradation of surfactant used in iron mining by oxidation technique: Fenton, photo‐Fenton, and H₂O₂/UV—A comparative study