2008
DOI: 10.1021/jp808905s
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Water-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide: Nature of Solvent and Temperature

Abstract: We demonstrate here via the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) at low temperature that the negative function of water in aqueous ATRP is significantly suppressed. By the addition of a small amount of water in a water-miscible organic solvent and maintaining low polymerization temperature, the ATRP of NIPAM is relatively fast and well controlled. We observed that the rate of the polymerization in pure organic solvent at a monomer concentration of 20 wt % is slow, and re… Show more

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Cited by 81 publications
(63 citation statements)
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“…[63]. The combination of suitable catalyst/initiator pairs and polar solvents allows the ATRP of (meth)acrylamides [64,65]. In conventional ATRP, the concentration of transition metal/ligand complex acting as an activator (metal in reduced form) and deactivator (oxidized form) needs to be sufficiently high to provide a controlled polymerization process with a reasonable rate but at the same time as low as possible to reduce the metal residues in the final product and to ease the post-polymerization purification process.…”
Section: Page 5 Of 71mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[63]. The combination of suitable catalyst/initiator pairs and polar solvents allows the ATRP of (meth)acrylamides [64,65]. In conventional ATRP, the concentration of transition metal/ligand complex acting as an activator (metal in reduced form) and deactivator (oxidized form) needs to be sufficiently high to provide a controlled polymerization process with a reasonable rate but at the same time as low as possible to reduce the metal residues in the final product and to ease the post-polymerization purification process.…”
Section: Page 5 Of 71mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1). The conversion of NIPAAm in pure alcoholic media (such as methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol) is relatively low because of the poor solubility of the resulting low molecular weight polymer in such solvents [42]. However, the ATRP of NIPAAm in water is fast and uncontrolled.…”
Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Pnipaammodified Silicamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…pNIPAAm was synthesized by copper assisted ATRP in iso-propanol at 25°C 8,9 . For a typical ATRP polymerization of NIPAAm, target DP=50, NIPAAm (2.5 g, 22.1 mmol), methylchloropropionate (54 mg, 0.44 mmol) and tris [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN, 102 mg, 0.44 mmol) were introduced in a Schlenk tube in a 50:1:1 ratio and dissolved in isopropanol (3 weight equivalent with respect to NIPAAm).…”
Section: Pnipaam Synthesismentioning
confidence: 99%