Water Balance in Land Arthropods

Edney, E. B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-81105-0

Cited by 430 publications

(329 citation statements)

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“…Despite this, a progressive increase in the number of mosquitoes on the cooler, more humid zone was recorded for each species, a manifestation of acceptance by the mosquitoes of increasing density with time on the cooled zone. The strong preference by all four mosquito species used in this study for the cooler zone at a lower saturation deficit is interpreted as an adaptation to maintain water balance (Edney 1977, Hadley 1994 as well as to limit energy loss through a lower metabolic rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Responses of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to cool and humid refugium conditions

Kessler¹,

Guérin²

2008

Journal of Vector Ecology

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Like all terrestrial arthropods, mosquitoes must cope with the threat of desiccation. To gain insight into their survival strategies, we recorded the behavioral responses of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens offered zones of different microclimatic conditions in laboratory cages. The cooled refugium was at 25.6° C, 86% RH and the control was at 28.5° C, 75% RH, i.e., a difference in saturation deficit of 3.9 mm Hg between the two zones. We show that newly-emerged adults, with no access to water or sugar, prefer the cooler and more humid refugium with a saturation deficit half that in the control and where the mosquitoes could reduce their metabolic rate. This response is delayed in Ae. aegypti, perhaps because the energy reserves accumulated as larvae are higher in this species. This study shows that mosquitoes under stress can use their thermohygroreceptor cells to guide them to locations that facilitate survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Responses of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to cool and humid refugium conditions

Kessler¹,

Guérin²

2008

Journal of Vector Ecology

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“…The phenomenon of the critical temperature is robust; transitions in rates of water loss have been observed in numerous arthropods (Edney, 1977;Hadley, 1994a). However, physical properties of surface lipids been examined in only a few species.…”

Section: Organismal Water Loss and Lipid Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-Proofing Properties of Cuticular Lipids

Gibbs

1998

Am Zool

416

320

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SYNOPSIS. Epicuticular lipids play a critical role in allowing arthropods to thrive in terrestrial environments, by reducing transpiration of water through the cuticle. These lipids consist of a diverse array of compounds, especiaUy long-chain hydrocarbons. Rates of water loss are correlated with hydrocarbon structural features, including chain length, unsaturation and methyl-branching. The water-proofing abilities of cuticular lipids appear to depend largely on their physical properties. In most arthropods, rates of water loss increase rapidly above a "transition" temperature. A widely accepted model proposes that this transition is due to melting of the surface lipids to a fluid, permeable state. Evidence for this hypothesis has primarily been correlative, due to experimental limitations. Recent technical advances in lipid biophysics and water loss measurements have made it possible to test the lipid melting model more directly. Experiments using model cuticles, in vitro preparations and intact arthropods support the idea that the phase behavior of cuticular lipids is a major factor determining cuticular permeability.

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“…In the interval between uptake and incorporation into eggs, storage of the imbibed water has been suggested to occur in the fat body and integument (Verret & Mills, 1975a). That a high concentration of ATP is found in the fat body at the time of maximum water release [Lüscher & Wyss-Huber, 1966(cited in Edney, 1977], has led to the suggestion that the imbibed water is stored by fat synthesis, with release of the stored water occurring by lipid oxidation (Edney, 1977). Possible building blocks for fatty acid synthesis in O. unguicularis could come from the amino acids released by protein catabolism in this species during inanition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why does the Namib Desert tenebrionid Onymacris unguicularis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) fog-bask?

Naidu¹

2008

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Dehydration of Onymacris unguicularis (Haag) for 10 days at 27°C resulted in a weight loss of 14.9%, and a 37% decrease in haemolymph volume. Although there was an overall decrease in the lipid content during this period, metabolic water production was insufficient to maintain total body water (TBW). Rehydration resulted in increases in body weight (6.2% of initial weight), TBW (to normality), and haemolymph volume (sub-normal at the end of rehydration). Despite an increase of 44.0 mg in the wet weight of O. unguicularis after drinking for 1h, there was little change in the water content at this time, although the total lipid content increased significantly. Increases in haemolymph osmolality, sodium, potassium, chloride, amino acid and total sugar concentrations during dehydration were subject to osmoregulatory control. No evidence of an active amino acid-soluble protein interchange was noted during dehydration or rehydration. Haemolymph trehalose levels were significantly increased at the end of rehydration (relative to immediate pre-rehydration values), indicating de novo sugar synthesis at this time. Osmotic and ionic regulation was evident during rehydration, but control of OP during haemolymph-dilution is poor and accomplished largely by the addition to the haemolymph of free amino acids and solute(s) not measured in this study. There was little mobilization of sodium and chloride ions from storage sites at this time. The lesser osmoregulatory ability of Onymacris unguicularis and perhaps earlier susceptibility to osmotic stress, a significantly high normal blood glycerol level (relative to other diurnal adesmiine tenebrionids), and a water storage mechanism associated with synthesis of fat, probably all contribute to the development of fog-basking behaviour in this species. Water gain in O. unguicularis during periods of relative drought is probably largely accomplished by a greater food consumption.

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Water Balance in Land Arthropods

Cited by 430 publications

References 0 publications

Responses of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to cool and humid refugium conditions

Responses of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to cool and humid refugium conditions

Water-Proofing Properties of Cuticular Lipids

Why does the Namib Desert tenebrionid Onymacris unguicularis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) fog-bask?

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