Water blending effects on coagulation-flocculation using aluminum sulfate (alum), polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and ferric chloride (FeCl3) using multiple water sources

Park, Hanbai; Lim, Sang-Hyun; Lee, Hosun; Woo, Dal-Sik

doi:10.1080/19443994.2015.1025583

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…To accelerate the settling process, coagulant is added to the suspension solution and suspended particles flocculate and form large particles to accelerate the gravity settling . The most common coagulants are polymer bound with ions with high‐coordination capacity such as polyferric silicate sulfate (PFSS) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to combine suspended components in water together and form large particles and settle down . To increase the settling efficiency, coagulant agents can also be prepared with magnetic nucleus such as Fe 3 O 4 and used with a magnetic field to further accelerate the settling process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Removal of Suspended Solid Pollutants from Wastewater by Magnetic Fe₃O₄‐Graphene Oxides Nanocomposite

Jiang

Cano

et al. 2018

ChemistrySelect

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In this work, the magnetic Fe3O4‐graphene oxide (Fe3O4‐GO) nanocomposite is synthesized via a facile one‐pot hydrothermal method and used for settling down and removing solid suspended particles in wastewater. Physicochemical characterizations not only confirm the successful in‐situ deposition of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles on GO nanosheets, but also disclose the strong interaction between them. The Fe3O4‐GO nanocomposite demonstrates an excellent capability of accelerating the settling process in the presence of magnetic field. It can reduce the Kaolinite solid particle concentration by an order of magnitude within 30 minutes, which is one time faster than that in the absence of magnetic field. The solid suspension absorbing behavior on the Fe3O4‐GO nanocomposite in the presence of magnetic field is found to fit with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The calculated adsorption capacity reaches 58.46 mg⋅mg−1, and the initial adsorption rate reaches as high as 0.0275 mg⋅mg−1⋅min−1. The Fe3O4‐GO nanocomposite is proved to be an effective, efficient and promising magnetic coagulant for the rapid treatment of solid suspended particles in wastewater and natural water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Removal of Suspended Solid Pollutants from Wastewater by Magnetic Fe₃O₄‐Graphene Oxides Nanocomposite

Jiang

Cano

et al. 2018

ChemistrySelect

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“…By visual evaluation, the 0.2 mL dosage of PACl was efficient in forming flocs. In the case of blended seawater (seawater+ brackish water), the addition of 20-30 mg/L PACl was proven to successfully remove TOC and lower the turbidity [12]. Our results for seawater experiments show that the concentration recommended by Park and colleague's study [12] was not efficient, higher dosage should be used to form visible flocs.…”

Section: Effect Of Coagulation On the Seawater Pre-treatment Processmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In the case of blended seawater (seawater+ brackish water), the addition of 20-30 mg/L PACl was proven to successfully remove TOC and lower the turbidity [12]. Our results for seawater experiments show that the concentration recommended by Park and colleague's study [12] was not efficient, higher dosage should be used to form visible flocs. Thus, samples from all dosages were summed up into one flask, and the average sample was evaluated (Table 5).…”

Section: Effect Of Coagulation On the Seawater Pre-treatment Processmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…It was found that PACl was effective at a dosage between 20-30 mg/L compared to FeCl 3 with 30 mg/L to remove total organic carbon (TOC), turbidity, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). PACl was better regarding the costs and low chemical dosages [12]. Febrina and Mesra studied the seawater pre-treatment by coagulation and determined the optimum dosage for the used coagulants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Coagulation and Microfiltration in Seawater Pre-treatment

Shaheen

Cséfalvay

2022

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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Power industry needs make-up water in power plant processes to compensate for the constant water loss during work. Mediterranean Seawater samples are studied to obtain pretreated water to use as a feed for the desalination stage. A comparison of coagulation with two coagulants, namely Poly aluminum chloride and ferric chloride in a one wt% stock solution, followed by microfiltration, was evaluated to obtain an efficient pre-treatment method. The lowest dosage of PACl positively affected all the measured parameters, especially the total suspended solid content was reduced to below 10 mg/L. The addition of FeCl3 resulted in 2.5-times higher total suspended solid content (23.5±4.58 mg/L) than the initial value measured for seawater (10.8±1.03 mg/L). Considering the flux values, two-steps of microfiltration and the lowest dosage of PACl followed by microfiltration resulted in the same high flux (3500 L /(m2 h) at the initial stage and 2500 L/(m2 h) at the 90% recovery rate). The flux after FeCl3 dosage seemed to be the highest, but it should be emphasized that the flocs were filtered via two consecutive 5–13 μm microfiltration stages, so this flux is not entirely comparable with those measured in other cases. Considering the chloride concentration, after microfiltration without coagulation, it remained constant; using coagulants it showed a slight reduction (~4%). From environmental point of view, the two-steps of microfiltration is recommended to be used since no chemicals are required for the operation; it can provide a steady flux of the cleanest pretreated water based on total suspended solid content.

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“…Likewise, the exponential decay constants (b; Equation (1)) of PAC was twice as high as those of the other chemicals at both 50 and 20 rpm agitation speeds (Table 3). The higher coagulation performance of PAC over the other chemicals may be attributed to its polymeric characteristics [14]. In addition, PAC has been gaining more attention as a coagulant in the water industry for its "bridging" ability and lesser sludge production [15].…”

Section: Sensitivity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Coagulant Type, Dosage and Process Conditions to Phosphate Removal Efficiency from Anaerobic Sludge

Kim

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Phosphorus, a crucial component of life, may cause eutrophication if it is discharged untreated into the aquatic ecosystem. Phosphate (PO43-) may exist at an elevated level in anaerobic digestion (AD) effluents and can lead to the clogging of pipes by forming struvite crystals. This study was conducted to assess the responses of coagulant type, dosage and process conditions to phosphate removal efficiency from anaerobic sludge. The experiments were performed in two steps. First, a sensitivity test was conducted to compare five coagulant types (alum, poly-aluminum chloride (PAC), FeCl2, FeCl3 and PAC + FeCl3) at standard coagulation conditions. The results showed that PAC would be the best coagulant among the tested, while a combination of PAC and FeCl3 may be beneficial under circumstances. Second, an optimization study was performed for PAC using response surface methodology employing central composite design. Among the three independent variables (coagulant dosage, slow mixing duration and agitation speed), the dosage was the sole significant variable for phosphate removal efficiency, while the other two had limited effects. A future study to optimize the rapid mixing conditions would give additional insights into the process. The results of this study may be useful to design a process to counteract phosphate discharges from AD plants, as well as to reduce the risks of pipe clogging and maintenance problems due to crystalline struvite formation in the later stage of AD.

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Water blending effects on coagulation-flocculation using aluminum sulfate (alum), polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and ferric chloride (FeCl3) using multiple water sources

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Highly Efficient Removal of Suspended Solid Pollutants from Wastewater by Magnetic Fe₃O₄‐Graphene Oxides Nanocomposite

Highly Efficient Removal of Suspended Solid Pollutants from Wastewater by Magnetic Fe₃O₄‐Graphene Oxides Nanocomposite

The Role of Coagulation and Microfiltration in Seawater Pre-treatment

Responses of Coagulant Type, Dosage and Process Conditions to Phosphate Removal Efficiency from Anaerobic Sludge

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Water blending effects on coagulation-flocculation using aluminum sulfate (alum), polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and ferric chloride (FeCl3) using multiple water sources

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Highly Efficient Removal of Suspended Solid Pollutants from Wastewater by Magnetic Fe3O4‐Graphene Oxides Nanocomposite

Highly Efficient Removal of Suspended Solid Pollutants from Wastewater by Magnetic Fe3O4‐Graphene Oxides Nanocomposite

The Role of Coagulation and Microfiltration in Seawater Pre-treatment

Responses of Coagulant Type, Dosage and Process Conditions to Phosphate Removal Efficiency from Anaerobic Sludge

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Highly Efficient Removal of Suspended Solid Pollutants from Wastewater by Magnetic Fe₃O₄‐Graphene Oxides Nanocomposite

Highly Efficient Removal of Suspended Solid Pollutants from Wastewater by Magnetic Fe₃O₄‐Graphene Oxides Nanocomposite