Water Bodies an Urban Microclimate: A Review

Manteghi, Golnoosh; Limit, Hasanuddin Bin; Remaz, Dilshan

doi:10.5539/mas.v9n6p1

Cited by 132 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The rapid transport facilities and frequent visits to infested areas have been confirmed in previous studies [22,47]. Hydrology or physical existing water channels like rivers, streams and canals play an important role in ambient temperature and humidity profile of a locale [48]. Both study areas consist of many rivers, canals and streams of different lengths and sizes running through the heart of urban areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Spatio-Temporal Extension and Spatial Analyses of Dengue from Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Swat during 2010–2014

Fareed

Ghaffar

Malik

2016

Climate

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Climate change and Land-Use Land-Cover change (LULC) has significantly displaced the local rainfall patterns and weather conditions in Pakistan. This has resulted in a different climate-related problem, particularly vector borne diseases. Dengue transmission has emerged as one of the most devastating and life threatening disease in Pakistan, causing hundreds of deaths since its first outbreak. This study is designed to understand and analyze the disease patterns across two distinct study regions, using Geographic Information System (GIS), Satellite Remote Sensing (RS) along with climate and socio-economic and demographics datasets. The datasets have been analyzed by using GIS statistical analysis techniques. As a result, maps, tables and graphs have been plotted to estimate the most significant parameters. These parameters have been assigned a contribution weight value to prepare a model and Threat Index Map (TIM) for the study areas. Finally, the model has been tested and verified against existing datasets for both study areas. This model can be used as a disease Early Warning System (EWS).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Spatio-Temporal Extension and Spatial Analyses of Dengue from Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Swat during 2010–2014

Fareed

Ghaffar

Malik

2016

Climate

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“…Apart from the natural water bodies inside the urban areas (i.e., rivers, lakes, etc.) [173,174], urban evaporative methods comprise of various systems such as pools, ponds, sprinklers and fountains [175,176] while the level of their cooling potential depends on several parameters involving the shape of the water body and the characteristics of the surrounding area [177] and also the local climatic conditions, including relative humidity, wind speed, air temperature and solar radiation intensity [178].…”

Section: Water-based Mitigation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Warming and Cities’ Microclimates: Investigation Methods and Mitigation Strategies—A Review

et al. 2020

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The increased rates of urbanization and industrialization of the 20th and 21st centuries have dramatically changed the land use and cover of modern cities, contributing to the degradation of the urban microclimate and the rise of the ambient urban air temperatures. Given the multiple negative energy, environmental and social consequences of urban warming, the present paper summarizes the findings of previous studies, assessing the main causes of the phenomenon along with the key investigation methods involving experimental and computational approaches. There follows a description of the most common mitigations, and adaption strategies towards the attenuation of urban warming are described. The analyzed elements include the addition of green spaces such as trees, grass and green roofs; changes on the albedo of the urban surfaces and water-based techniques, as well as a combination of them. The discussion of the reported findings in the existing literature clearly reflects the impact of urban morphology on the outdoor thermal environment, providing also useful information for professionals and urban planners involved at the phase of decision-making.

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“…Together with an increase in vehicle numbers, this results in degraded air quality [11]. Additionally, impervious surfaces such as roads, contribute to the "heat island effect" where urban areas may be as much as 10°C hotter than surrounding rural areas [12]. Such damage is compounded by climate change, which is predicted to increase surface temperatures by 2-4°C by 2100 [13].…”

Section: Challenges Of Urbanisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scoping the Potential Role of the Water Sector in Urban Greening and Cooling: A Case Study of Melbourne

Furlong

Phelan

Dodson

et al. 2017

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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Climate change, urban densification and loss of green space are making cities hotter and less pleasant places in which to live. In some developed countries, heat waves now cause more deaths than any other natural disaster, and lack of green space is linked to decreased mental and physical health. Increasing green space, tree canopy cover, water bodies and irrigation can significantly cool urban environments, and positively influence physical and mental health, as well as biodiversity. Across the world, urban greening and cooling are primarily considered to be the functions of local government (municipalities). However, we hypothesise that the urban water sector (water utilities and waterway managers) has an existing role in urban greening which has significant potential to expand. This study makes use of a wide-ranging industry consultation process with 37 experts from 14 organisations within Melbourne, to (a) understand the current urban greening situation, (b) identify the gaps in current system, (c) investigate the current contribution of the water sector towards greening, and (d) scope out the potential for a larger role. Preliminary findings show that Melbourne's water sector is, in a number of ways, actively pursuing urban greening and cooling outcomes, and that more can be achieved when they work collaboratively with local government actions, rather than acting independently. The major areas through which Melbourne's water sector can further impact greening and cooling are found to be: (1) assisting in large scale planning of greening/cooling initiatives, in coordination with stormwater management and conservation of waterways; (2) statutory powers and informal guidance to influence new developments; (3) finance raising and financial evaluation capabilities to provide and justify funding; (4) credibility and social license to support municipalities in lobbying state government and other stakeholders; and (5) additional water for irrigation through alternative water source projects.

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Water Bodies an Urban Microclimate: A Review

Cited by 132 publications

References 67 publications

Spatio-Temporal Extension and Spatial Analyses of Dengue from Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Swat during 2010–2014

Spatio-Temporal Extension and Spatial Analyses of Dengue from Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Swat during 2010–2014

Urban Warming and Cities’ Microclimates: Investigation Methods and Mitigation Strategies—A Review

Scoping the Potential Role of the Water Sector in Urban Greening and Cooling: A Case Study of Melbourne

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