In order to understand the hydration effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) in aqueous solution, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the HA aqueous solutions at different concentrations and temperature. As HA concentration was raised, there was a nonlinear change in absorption value in the first overtone region of OH, indicating the changes of hydration water. A reconstructed spectrum based on principal component analysis (PCA) was established and analyzed with the concept of aquaphotomics. The results showed that HA acted as a structure maker to make water molecules arranged in order. Water species with two hydrogen bonds (S 2 ) and three hydrogen bonds (S 3 ) showed the decrease at low concentration range of 0-40 mg/mL, but increased at higher concentration, indicating the difference in water species at different HA concentration. Meanwhile, HA had the ability to improve the thermal stability of water structure, suggesting a potential bio-protective function. this study provides a unique perspective on the molecular interactions between HA and water molecules, which is helpful for understanding the role of HA in life process and may serve as the basis for HA applications.Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide and one of the main component of the extracellular matrix 1 . It is widely distributed in various tissues and organs of animals as well as the capsules of some bacteria, and plays a significant role in life process 1 . Due to its high water retaining capacity, biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity, HA is an attractive material for various cosmetic, food and medical applications 2-4 .It is known that the structure and morphology of polysaccharides are strongly influenced by water molecules via controlling their conformations, various forms of aggregation, thermal properties and kinetics 5,6 . In this respect, the knowledge of the interaction between water and polysaccharide and the hydrated structure is of high importance for understanding its performance in the application. Studies on HA hydration have been reported by using various experimental techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 7 , viscometry 8 , ultrasonic and densitometry analyses 9 , thermal analysis 10,11 , spectroscopic techniques 12-14 , and by means of computer simulations 15 . A complex relationship between HA and water molecules was partly discovered that the macroscopic properties of HA are significantly dependent on its degree of hydration and the function of HA relies on the hydration capacity 4,16-18 .Analysis of the hydration water in aqueous solution is challenging, and the structural changes in water induced by HA are yet to be fully understood. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, as a powerful analytical method, has unique advantages in studies of molecular structure and interaction [19][20][21][22] . It mainly reflects the overtones and combination modes of functional groups containing hydrogen atoms, such as CH, OH and NH, which play a significant role in chemical bonding and other chemical ph...