Molecular mechanism of the blueshift of water molecules.

Interionic distances are shorter in concentrated ionic solutions, thus instigating the interaction and overlap of hydration shells, as ions become separated by only one or two layers of water molecules. The simultaneous interaction of water with two oppositely charged ions has, so far, only been investigated by computer simulation studies, because the isolated vibrational spectroscopic signature of these molecules remains undetected. Our combined near-infrared spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulation studies of alkali halide solutions present a distinct spectral feature, which is highly responsive to depletion of bulk water and merging of hydration shells. The analysis of this spectral feature demonstrates that absorption trends are in good agreement with the law of matching affinities, thus providing the first successful vibrational spectroscopic treatment of this topic. Combined with commonly observed near-infrared bands, this feature provides a spectral pattern that describes some relevant aspects of ionic hydration.

Contact lense industryThe contact lens (CL) industry and market have displayed a high level of dynamism in the past few decades, and have evolved into a rapidly changing field in which science and everyday practice constantly interact, not only through broadening of material and product portfolio, but through innovative therapeutic and diagnostic solutions as well. Stable market growth with numerous rearrangements in different product segments is constantly taking place, mainly stirred by innovative material and optical design. The standardly used hydrogel materials are being rapidly replaced by silicone doped hydrogel materials. The analyses of customer CL usage and satisfaction indicate continued market growth in future, however with many changes in product profile and significant increase in multifocal and daily disposable lenses market share. The main impulse behind the dynamism of CL industry stems from results of scientific and technological improvements, which are enhancing medical field and reminding us that the focal point of sustainable development lies in scientific investigations. Contact lenses in present, past and futureThe technology of materials used in CL production has improved vastly in the past decades starting from glass and moving to polymer based materials (PMMA) with, eventually, major steps being taken in including hydrogel and doped-hydrogel based materials, shifting the functionality of CLs from rigid gas-impermeable (RGP) to soft gas-permeable materials represented by silicone hydrogel materials that are now in use. This chapter will focus on multimodal applied research of rigid gas-permeable contact lenses (CL) that are manufactured from fluorosilicone acrylate based material. Our multimodal research comprises measurement of intermolecular interactions on the basis of optical, mechanical, morphological and magnetic properties of CL material. The role of our research in such a complex system of CL industry was introduction of new diagnostic modalities through improved material characterization. In the course of last decade, scientists have developed different possibilities of "on eye"CL application that are not related to its optical capabilities for which they were invented in the first place -correcting eye's refractive error. Furthermore, improvement in CL material manufacturing, both soft and rigid gas permeable, are mostly directed towards increasing oxygen permeability and wearing comfort. Rarely today, CL producers are dedicated to 15 www.intechopen.com 2 Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH improving CL material properties for the purpose of enhancing the quality of vision, on the contrary, by doping them with silicone, for example, the optical properties become even worse. Apart from it's properties to correct eye's refractive anomaly (dioptric power), the most frequent factors influencing quality of vision while wearing RGP CL are those related to the fact that visible light, on it's way to the eye's "perception area"-the macula, must pass through CL material itself, and all it's characte...

Hydrogen bond has dual property, classical (electrostatic interaction based on Coulomb's law) and quantum (wave function based on Schrödinger equation). Since Planck's constant is one of the main criteria for decision which process is quantum, or how much is close to be quantum, we use electrical and magnetic forces of valence electrons, as point of departure, to develop method for opto-magnetic fingerprint of matter. During the study of different type of matter we observed phenomena from spectral convolution data of digital images which characterize matter from both covalent and non-covalent bonding. Since water is matter that is most abundant with hydrogen bonds, we present results of 18.2 MΩ water investigation on different temperature and under influence of constant and variable magnetic fields by opto-magnetic method. Bearing in mind that Linus Pauling, in his book Nature of the Chemical Bond (Cornel University Press, 1939), for the first time presented the systematic concept of the hydrogen bond to the molecular world and its machinery, this paper is written in honor to him and 70th anniversary of one of the most important scientific paradigm.

Motivated by characterization of paramagnetic materials (Al, Mn and Ti) and diamagnetic materials (Cu, C and Zn) by opto-magnetic method that is based on light-matter interaction using digital imaging, we present results of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) detection in blood plasma. To investigate light-blood plasma interaction we use wavelength difference of diffuse white light and reflected polarized light in red and blue channels of digital images (opto-magnetic method). Digital images of samples are analyzed by spectral convolution algorithm for light-matter interaction analysis. Since opto-magnetic method can detect very small difference between normal and pathological tissue states it is advantageous in comparison with classical methods. Especially it is important for early detection of suspicious tissue states and detection of viral infection presence in plasma. We compared our results with results of standard biomedical test for EBV and CVM, as a reference, and found out for group of 40 samples significant correlation of 93. 6%.