Water Content Level in Inspired Air on Specific Airway Resistance in Rats

Gn, Melville

doi:10.1159/000192863

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Other workers [Cheney and Butler, 1968;Melville and Ward, 1971;Melville, 1972] have proposed that either bronchoconstriction or mucosal swelling or both may be responsible for the increased airway resistance with increased water content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Intubation and measurements of airway resistance (Raw) and intrathoracic gas volume at functional residual capacity (Vtg) have been previously described [Melville, 1972]. Airway resistance measurements were standardized by multiplying by Vtg according to L loyd and W right [1963].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Airway resistance measurements were standardized by multiplying by Vtg according to L loyd and W right [1963]. The method of achieving the required water content level was identical to that previously described [Melville, 1972].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five groups of 30 rats each (15 for tap water and 15 for distilled water) were studied under the following conditions: (1) in spired air with tap water (TW) or distilled water (DW) content of 16 g/m3 (31 °C, 50% relative humidity), since, at this water content level rats show increased Raw [Melville, 1972]; (2) E (400//g/kg body weight) intravenously followed by TW or DW; (3) A (1.5 mg/kg body weight) intravenously followed by TW or DW; (4) Et aerosol (2 ml of 70%) simultaneously with TW or DW; (5) BCV followed by TW or DW. Raw and Vtg were measured at 6-min intervals over an 18-min period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevention and Reversal of Inspired Water Content-Induced Increased Airway Resistance

Gn¹,

Iravani²,

Lh³

et al. 1973

Respiration

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Airway resistance in rats increased when the water content of inspired air was greater than 16g/m³ due to nebulized tap or distilled water. This increase was prevented by atropine intravenously, aerosolized ethanol and bilateral cervical vagotomy. Intravenously administered epinephrine did not prevent water content-induced increases in airway resistance and, if administered after increases in airway resistance had occurred, caused a decrease which was analogous to that caused by time alone. Atropine intravenously, aerosolized ethanol and bilateral cervical vagotomy rapidly reversed the water content-induced increases in airway resistance. The possible causes of water content-induced airway resistance increase are discussed

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevention and Reversal of Inspired Water Content-Induced Increased Airway Resistance

Gn¹,

Iravani²,

Lh³

et al. 1973

Respiration

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“…Cold air, in addition to causing an increase in airway resistance via a vagal pathway (Melville, 1972), results in drying of the mucosal membrane, leading ultimately to: arrest of ciliary activity and mucus flow; inflammatory changes ; retention of tenacious mucus; bacterial infiltration, and patchy atelectasis (Benson et al, 1966;Dery et al, 1967). Hot dry air and hot humid air are both detrimental to the respiratory ciliated epithelium of a patient with defective air-conditioning mechanism, as the respiratory epithelium becomes either dehydrated or overheated (Walker & Wells, 1961).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Temperature and Decreased Water Content of Inspired Air on the Ciliated Bronchial Epithelium A Physiological and Electron Microscopical Study

Horstmann

Iravani

Melville

et al. 1977

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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Experiments have been carried out on the bronchi and intrapulmonary airways of rats in vitro, to determine the physiological effects of air with water content (WC) of 2.19 mg/l (5% RH (relative himidity) 37"C), 8.77 mg/l (20% RH, 37"C), 24.13 mg/l (50% RH, 37°C) and 30.71 mg/l (70% RH, 37°C) on ciliary beat frequency; and also, the morphological effect of air at temperatures of 30, 40 and 48" at a constant WC of 28.0 mg/l on the ciliated epithelium. The results showed that (i) ciliary beat frequency decreased with decreasing WC and irreversible ciliostasis was reached sooner, the lower the WC value; (ii) ciliary beat frequency was not significantly affected above 24 mg/l; (iii) 45 min and 90 min exposure at 30°C caused an enormous increase in the depth of the mucus film. The cilia and the epithelial cells did not differ from the controls at 40°C; (iv) in airways exposed for 45 min at 48"C, the cilia appeared to be in total disarray. Some were clustered together in whirling arrangements, while others were detached from their bases. The substructure and the cytoplasm of the cells on the surface and in the deeper layers, appeared to have been destroyed; (v) after 90 min at 48"C, the damage to all structures had progressed. Only isolated tissue or cytoplasmic elements were perceptible. Acta Otolaryngol84Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Monash University on 08/26/15For personal use only. Acta Otolaiyngol84 Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Monash University on 08/26/15 For personal use only. Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Monash University on 08/26/15 For personal use only. G . Horstmann, Ph.D. Anatomie II, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Universitatsstr. I50 MA 61147 463 Bochum Germany Acta Otolaryngol84 Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Monash University on 08/26/15 For personal use only.

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