Water-Dispersible Bismuth–Organic Materials with Computed Tomography Contrast Properties

Abstract

Two bismuth–organic network polymers were synthesized by means of a one-step polycondensation reaction between an aromatic dithiol/trithiol and triphenylbismuth. The materials were characterized by solid-state UV–vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental microanalysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Uniform dispersion of the hydrophobic and water-insoluble bismuth-containing polymers in aqueous media was achieved by the addition of 2 kDa poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether thiol. This enabled quantitative phantom imaging experiments on a clinical computed tomography (CT) scanner, which showed that the coordination polymers possessed strong CT contrast properties. The observed X-ray attenuation properties of each coordination polymer were correlated with its bismuth payload. The X-ray opacity, thermal and chemical stabilities, and aqueous dispersibility of this novel class of bismuth–organic materials make them potentially useful as biomedical CT contrast agents and radiopaque materials.

Rod-shape theranostic nanoparticles facilitate antiretroviral drug biodistribution and activity in human immunodeficiency virus susceptible cells and tissues

“…Bismuth is considered one of the most biocompatible metals having been widely employed as an anti-diarrheal (bismuth subsalicylate); an antimicrobial (for eradication Helicobacter pylori , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Burkholderia multivorans and B. cenocepacia ); and as an antidote for cadmium poisoning 84. The precursor chemicals of BSNRs synthesis are comparatively inexpensive compared to other metals, such as gold and platinum 85. Bismuth and sulfur components easily undergo oxidative decomposition to soluble bismuth (III) species under physiological conditions and show considerable lipophilicity and membrane permeability, as such, differ substantively from other metal particles 86, 87.…”

Dextran-Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: A Computed Tomography Contrast Agent for Imaging the Gastrointestinal Tract and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…A Dex-CeNP phantom was constructed according to a protocol published elsewhere . In brief, several concentrations from 0.5 to 10 mg/mL of Dex-CeNP, cerium nitrate hexahydrate (both normalized to the mass of cerium), iopamidol, and gold nanoparticles were made in DI water.…”

“…A Dex-CeNP phantom was constructed according to a protocol published elsewhere. 54 In brief, several concentrations from 0.5 to 10 mg/mL of Dex-CeNP, cerium nitrate hexahydrate (both normalized to the mass of cerium), iopamidol, and gold nanoparticles were made in DI water. From the stock of each concentration, 300 μL of each agent was placed into small plastic tubes, and the tubes were secured in a plastic rack with parafilm.…”

Nanoparticle contrast agents for X‐ray imaging applications

“…Furthermore, when the energy of the X-ray photons reaches the K-edge of an element, the excitation of Kshell electrons leads to a sudden increase in photon absorption. K-edge imaging is essential for the introduction of novel nanoparticle-based CT contrast agents (Roessl & Proksa, 2007;Schlomka et al, 2008;G. Zhang, Naha, Gautam, Cormode, & Chan, 2018).…”

“…Furthermore, when the energy of the X‐ray photons reaches the K‐edge of an element, the excitation of K‐shell electrons leads to a sudden increase in photon absorption. K‐edge imaging is essential for the introduction of novel nanoparticle‐based CT contrast agents (Roessl & Proksa, 2007; Schlomka et al, 2008; Si‐Mohamed et al, 2018; G. Zhang, Naha, Gautam, Cormode, & Chan, 2018). By means of material decomposition (Alvarez & Macovski, 1976; Clark & Badea, 2014; Ehn et al, 2017; Maass, Baer, & Kachelriess, 2009; O'Donnell et al, 2017; Zimmerman & Schmidt, 2015), attenuation measurements can be used to distinguish between different materials (i.e., tissues and contrast agents) and quantify the elements in a single CT scan (Figure 2b).…”