Water erosion processes and dynamic changes of sediment size distribution under the combined effects of rainfall and overland flow

Hao, Hao-xin; Wang, Junguang; Guo, Zhonglu; Li, Hua

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2018.10.029

Cited by 73 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These results totally agree with those observed in vineyards [39] and olive groves [40] managed with temporary CC, where the positive effect of CC on soil erosion control declined after mowing or application of herbicides. On the other hand, low-intensity erosive events detach fine soil particles, which gather most SOM [41], whereas high-intensity erosive events detach and transport sediment particles of all sizes [42], including sand and rocks that are poor in SOM. The combined effect of preferential soil particle size remobilized during the distinct rainfall events and the temporal changes in ground cover explains the temporal pattern of OM concentration in the sediment.…”

Section: Organic Matter Content In the Sediment Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Cover Crops to Reduce Loss of Soil Organic Matter in a Rainfed Vineyard

López‐Vicente

Calvo-Seas²,

Álvarez

et al. 2020

Land

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Cover crops (CCs) minimize the loss of soil in permanent cropping systems where the soil is usually bare due to intense tillage or overuse of herbicides. The topsoil, the richer layer in soil organic carbon and organic matter (OM), is affected by water erosion. Nature-based solutions appear as a suitable option for sustainable farming. In this study, the effectiveness of two years of CC management to reduce the OM loss is evaluated in a rainfed vineyard in a rolling landscape (Huesca, NE Spain). Two sediment traps collected runoff over 15 months. Topsoil OM contents (1.64% and 1.60%) and sediment/soil OM enrichment ratio (2.61 and 3.07) were similar. However, the average annual rate of OM loss was 3.6 times higher in the plot with lower vegetation cover than in the plot with CCs (1.29 vs. 0.35 kgOM ha−1 yr−1). The concentration of OMSed showed a negative relationship with the net soil loss; and significant differences appeared between the OMSed in the months with low and moderate-to-high ground cover. CCs are an excellent nature-based solution to control the unsustainable soil and OM losses measured in vineyards, which will contribute to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.

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Section: Organic Matter Content In the Sediment Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Cover Crops to Reduce Loss of Soil Organic Matter in a Rainfed Vineyard

López‐Vicente

Calvo-Seas²,

Álvarez

et al. 2020

Land

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“…The erosion process is a time‐varying phenomenon for both soil loss and PSDs (Prats et al, ; Hao et al ., ). In this study, the effective/ultimate ratios of clay sediment were less than 1, the average effective/ultimate ratios of silt particles were close to 1 and the effective/ultimate ratios of sand particles were greater than 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Enrichment is a time‐varying phenomenon, and finer particles tend to be enriched at an early time, which has been reported in other studies (Koiter et al ., ; Hao et al, ). All of the ERs in this study were greater than 1 and increased as the rock fragment content increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These increases also showed that the eroded sediments were mainly enriched in clay‐ and silt‐sized sediments. During sediment transport, finer particles were first carried by the surface runoff (Warrington et al, ; Kinnell, ; Ma et al ., ; Hao et al, ). Accordingly, the fine‐particle content, especially the clay‐sized particle content, increased significantly in the eroded sediment compared with the undisturbed soil and resulted in the enrichment of clay‐sized particles, consistent with the results of Huang et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of soil erosion and sediment sorting to the transport mechanism on a steep rocky slope

Han

Wang

Song

et al. 2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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A deeper understanding of the sediment characteristics associated with rock fragment content can improve our knowledge of the erosional processes and transport mechanisms of sediments on steep rocky slopes. This research used simulated rainfall experiments lasting for 1 h at a rate of 90 mm h−1 and employed 5 × 1 × 0.4 m parallel troughs filled with purple soils with different rock fragment volumetric contents (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) on a 15° slope gradient. For each simulated event, runoff and sediment were sampled at 1‐ and 3‐min intervals, respectively, to study, in detail, the temporal changes in the size distributions of the eroded sediments. The results show that sediment concentrations, soil erosion rates and soil loss ratios significantly decreased as rock fragment content increased for rock fragment contents from 0 to 40% in purple soils. During the transportation process, clay particles often formed aggregates and were then transported as larger particles. Silt particles were more likely to be transported as primary particles with a low degree of sediment aggregation. Sand‐sized particles, which constituted a greater proportion of the original soil than the eroded sediments, were formed from other fine particles and transported as aggregates rather than as primary particles. Suspension‐saltation, which mainly transports fine particles of 0.02–0.05 mm and coarse particles larger than 0.5 mm in size, was the most important transport mechanism on steep rocky slopes. The results of this study can help to explain the inherent laws of erosional processes on steep rocky slopes and can provide a foundation for improving physical models of soil erosion. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…It is also one of the main controlling parameters of flow erosion, sediment transport, and deposition process. Sediment transport capacity is sensitive to several parameters, such as flow depth, slope gradient, flow discharge, and rainfall intensity (Hao, Wang, Guo, & Hua, 2019;Tayfur, 2002). In addition, few sediment properties including particle size, density, shape, and roughness also influence sediment transport capacity to a large extent (Guy, Rudra, Dickenson, & Sohrabi, 2009;Nord, Esteves, Lapetite, & Hauet, 2009;Zhang, Wang, Tang, Luo, & Zhang, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondimensional sediment transport capacity of sand soils and its response to parameter in the Loess Plateau of China

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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Soil erosion is a major contributor to land degradation in the Loess Plateau in China.To clarify the sediment transport capacity of overland flow influenced by hydraulic parameters, such as shear stress, sand shear stress (hydraulic gradient partition method and hydraulic radius partition method), mean flow velocity, Froude number, stream power, and unit stream power, indoor experiments with eight-unit-width flow discharges from 0.0667 × 10 −3 to 0.3333 × 10 −3 m 2 Ás −1 , six slope gradients from 3.49 to 20.79%, and two kinds of sand soils (d 50 = 0.17 and 0.53 mm) were systematically investigated. A nondimensional method was adopted in data processing. Results showed that there was a partition phenomenon of relation curves because of the different median grain diameters. The correlation between the nondimensional stream power and nondimensional sediment transport capacity was the highest, followed by the correlation between the nondimensional unit stream power and nondimensional sediment transport capacity. However, there was a poor correlation between the flow intensity indices of velocity category and nondimensional sediment transport capacity. Nondimensional stream power, nondimensional unit stream power, and nondimensional shear stress could predict sediment transport capacity well. Ignoring the partition phenomenon of the relation curves, stream power could be used to predict sediment transport capacity, with a coefficient of determination of .85. Furthermore, a general flow intensity index was obtained to predict sediment transport capacity of overland flow. Finally, an empirical formula for predicting sediment transport capacity with a coefficient of determination of .90 was established by multiple regression analyses based on the general flow intensity index. During the analysis between measured sediment transport capacities in present study and predicted values based on Zhang model, Mahmoodabadi model, and Wu model, it was found that these three models could not accurately predict sediment transport capacities of this study because different models are estimated on the basis of different experimental conditions. K E Y W O R D Shydrodynamic parameters, Loess Plateau, nondimensional sediment transport capacity, sand soils

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Water erosion processes and dynamic changes of sediment size distribution under the combined effects of rainfall and overland flow

Cited by 73 publications

References 56 publications

Effectiveness of Cover Crops to Reduce Loss of Soil Organic Matter in a Rainfed Vineyard

Effectiveness of Cover Crops to Reduce Loss of Soil Organic Matter in a Rainfed Vineyard

Response of soil erosion and sediment sorting to the transport mechanism on a steep rocky slope

Nondimensional sediment transport capacity of sand soils and its response to parameter in the Loess Plateau of China

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