Water-Ethanol-Gasoline Blends—Physical Properties, Power, and Pollution Characteristics

Rajan, S.

doi:10.1115/1.3239648

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Cases 5 and 6 (which have water injection) indicate relative reductions of 10.4% and 25.3% in NOx emissions, respectively. The ethanol content itself demonstrated a decrease in NOx emission; this observation is consistent with some of the previous studies [10][11][12][13][14] and is primarily due to high heat of vaporization of ethanol compared to gasoline, which decreases the charge temperature [15].…”

Section: Combustion E Ciencysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This was attributed to a faster ame speed, which produced a higher peak pressure and, therefore, a higher peak temperature in the combustion process. However, there are some discrepancies in the literature on the e ect of ethanol on NOx emissions of SI engines [10], and there are a number of other studies that have demonstrated a reduction in NOx emissions using ethanol gasoline blends [11][12][13][14]. This has been attributed to high heat of vaporization of ethanol compared to gasoline, which decreases the charge temperature and reduces thermal NOx formation [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

2017

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Abstract. The use of arti cial neural network in conjunction with arti cial bee colony algorithm is proposed as a method for performance and emissions optimization of an SI engine. The case study here involves the oxygen enriched combustion of an SI engine fueled with hydrous ethanol and gasoline. In this study, the engine was considered as a black box and its performance and emissions were extracted experimentally at di erent intake air oxygen concentrations, hydrous ethanol injection rates, and ethanol concentration in the hydrous ethanol mixture. Then, the simultaneous injection of hydrous ethanol and oxygen enriched combustion was investigated to maximize the fuel conversion e ciency and minimize the CO and NOx emissions. Therefore, an objective function consisting of both the emission and performance parameters was optimized using the Arti cial Bee Colony algorithm. The engine model used in this optimization process was obtained from an Arti cial Neural Network trained with experimental engine data. For operating speed of 3000 rpm, the optimization results indicated 1.21% improvement in fuel conversion e ciency and 31.11% and 13.94% reduction in CO and NOx emissions, respectively. At the speed of 2000 rpm, fuel conversion e ciency improved by 4.11% and CO emission decreased by 18.73%, while NOx concentration increased by 28.35%.

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Section: Combustion E Ciencysupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

2017

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“…Das et al [48] investigated the influence of water addition on the combustion rate of H 2 /CO-air mixtures, and found that the combustion rate increased because the improvement in chain reactions due to water addition was much more pronounced than the negative thermal effect for low percentages of water addition. Dryer [49] and Rajan [50] also explained the improved combustion rate as a result of the catalytic activity of water vapor due to increased OH radicals. In addition, the water addition reduced combustion temperature and lowered the combustion rate.…”

Section: Effect Of Water Additive On Performance Combustion and Emismentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of water-containing acetone–butanol–ethanol gasoline blends on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of a spark-ignition engine

Nithyanandan

Lee

et al. 2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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Bio-butanol has proved to be a promising alternative fuel in recent years; it is typically produced from ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation from non-edible biomass feedstock. The high costs for dehydration and recovery from dilute fermentation broth have so far prohibited bio-butanol's use in internal combustion engines. There is an interesting in studying the intermediate fermentation product, i.e. water-containing ABE as a potential fuel. However, most previous studies covered the use of water-containing ABE-diesel blends. In addition, previous studies on SI engines fueled with ABE did not consider the effect of water. Therefore, the evaluation of water-containing ABE gasoline blends in a port fuel-injected spark-ignition (SI) engine was carried out in this study. Effect of adding ABE and water into gasoline on combustion, performance and emissions characteristics was investigated by testing gasoline, ABE30, ABE85,

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“…In addition, the lower particle concentration obtained with hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blends in comparison to gasoline due to the higher hydrogen to carbon ratio, higher volatility, higher percentage of oxygen content in the fuel, and no sulfur and aromatics in ethanol also favored the repression of PM formation inside the cylinder [69]. Another mechanism for the remarked decrease is the oxidation of PM emission by OH radicals from ethanol [70], and by H, O, and OH radicals from water dissociation [13,71,72]. According to chemical kinetics model results published by Zhang et al [59], the addition of water in fuel encourages the formation of free radicals O, H, and OH, which encourages the oxidation of emissions.…”

Section: Pm Emission Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The industrialization that increases day by day needs more and more power/fuel sources that are commonly available, abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly. Recently, nearly all of the cities in China (PRC) have been influenced by haze. However, the pollutants from automobiles have always been seriously considered to be the main contamination causes of the haze and that influence human health. This study concerns the impact of hydrous ethanol on in-cylinder pressure, particulate matter (PM), and gaseous emissions (oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC)) from a port fuel injection (PFI) gasoline engine. Tests were conducted on a four-cylinder port injection gasoline engine at different engine loads at an engine speed of 2000 rev/min for commercial gasoline, hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends (10% and 20% hydrous ethanol by volume), and an anhydrous ethanol-gasoline blend (20% anhydrous ethanol by volume). The results show that the peak in-cylinder pressure with the use of gasoline was the highest compared with the hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blends. Compared with the anhydrous ethanol blend, the hydrous ethanol blends performed well at a high load condition, equivalent to a low load. In addition, the total particulate number (PN) declines with an increase in engine operating loads for all of the fuels tested. The outcome of this study is an important reduction in PM number, mass emissions, and mean diameters of particles as the use of hydrous ethanol blends increases, while the form of the particulate size distribution remains the same. Furthermore, the NO x emission is raised with a rise in engine load, and NO x and HC emissions are reduced with the use of hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blend as equated with pure gasoline. Moreover, the correlation between the total particle number against NO x and HC has been found; the number of particles increases when the NO x emission decreases, and the opposite trend is exhibited for the HC emission. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydrous ethanol blends look to be a good selection for PM, NO x , and HC reduction for gasoline engines.

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Water-Ethanol-Gasoline Blends—Physical Properties, Power, and Pollution Characteristics

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

Effect of water-containing acetone–butanol–ethanol gasoline blends on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of a spark-ignition engine

Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

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