Water extract of Rumex crispus prevents bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and inducing osteoblast mineralization

Abstract

Background Rumex crispus root has traditionally been used in Asian medicine for the treatment of hemorrhage and dermatolosis. The aim of this study was to explore the pharmaceutical effects of water extract of Rumex crispus (WERC) on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. We also studied the effect of WERC on the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced trabecular bone destruction mice model.MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to identify three compounds (emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion) of WERC. The in vivo effect of WERC was examined using an administration of WERC or vehicle on the ICR mice with bone loss induced by intraperitoneal RANKL injection on day 0 and 1. All mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at day 7 and the femurs of mice were isolated for soft X-ray and Micro-CT analysis. The in vitro effect of WERC on osteoblast mineralization or osteoclast differentiation was examined by alizarin red S staining or by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and assay. To determine the transcription level of osteoblast or osteoclast-specific genes, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used. Western blot analysis was performed to study the effect of WERC on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) or nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling molecules.ResultsThe presence of three compounds in WERC was determined. WERC significantly suppressed RANKL-induced trabecular bone loss by preventing microstructural deterioration. In vitro, WERC increased osteoblast mineralization by enhancing the transcription of runt-related transcription factor 2 and its transcriptional coactivators, and by stimulating extracellular signal–regulated kinase phosphorylation. Furthermore, WERC significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the activation of the RANKL signalings (MAPK and NF-κB) and the increasing inhibitory factors of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1.ConclusionThis study showed that WERC could protect against osteoporosis and suggested that the possible mechanism of WERC might be related to increased osteoblast differentiation by activating Runx2 signaling and inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by suppression of RANKL signaling.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-017-1986-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Chrysophanol: a review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics

“…In vivo [7] Inhibit expression of PARP, Bax and caspase-3 RP mice 50 mg/kg In vivo [8] Inhibition of PSA, AR, estrogen receptor a and steroid receptor coactivator 1…”

“…These pharmacological effects indicate that chrysophanol has value in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, asthma, diabetes and diabetic complications, Alzheimer's disease (AD), atopic dermatitis and osteoarthritis. In addition, it also has a therapeutic effect on alcoholic liver, osteoporosis and retinal degeneration …”

“…In addition, it also has a therapeutic effect on alcoholic liver, osteoporosis and retinal degeneration. [6][7][8] However, there is currently less research on the toxicity of chrysophanol. The purpose of this review was to provide the latest and comprehensive information on the pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of chrysophanol in the past, to explore the therapeutic potential and look for ways to reduce toxicity of this compound.…”

Chrysophanic acid shifts the differentiation tendency of BMSCs to prevent alcohol‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head

“…[19][20][21][22][23] It is worth noting that the ethanol extract of Rumex crispus root increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone nodule formation in MG-63 cells, 24 and the water extract of Rumex crispus root inhibits osteoclast differentiation via RANKL pathway and promotes osteoblast mineralization via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. 24 Moreover, CPA remarkably inhibits adipogenesis via AMPK pathway both in vivo and in vitro. 25 Therefore, we hypothesized that CPA might exert a potential protection for the alcohol-induced ONFH via regulating the differentiation tendency of BMSCs.…”

Protective effect of extracts of Teucrium Polium and Rumex Crispus against cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxic damage in human lymphocytes

“…Rumex species have been reported to have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties [12,13]. R. crispus root, flowers, leaves and stems has been used for the treatment of pain, edema, hemorrhage, helminths, wound, internal bleeding and vascular diseases and dermatolosis in Asian medicine [14]. Pharmaceutical ability of R. crispus inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of cancer cells to scavenge free radicals, to suppress microbial growth have been recently studied [15,16].…”