Water, Food, and Energy Nexus in Lampung Province, Indonesia

Abstract

Lampung Province’s population growth rate has increased in recent decades. Population growth and mobility increase the need for water, energy, and food (WEF). Hence, maintaining food security, water consumption in the agricultural sector, and energy consumption have all been considered sustainable development. The potential of the three critical sectors can be increased using the nexus approach by taking into account several factors such as availability, accessibility, resource quality to generate positive synergies and effectively manage losses. The Nexus approach enhanced complex systems’ decision-making and responded to system shocks. Furthermore, it was used to identify and eliminate contradictory policies required to achieve integrated and coherent policies that address interconnected resource sectors. WEF Nexus approaches must comprehend how the governed’s trade-off and resource use efficiency affects outcomes in terms of social equity, externalities, and socio-ecological resilience. Based on WEF analysis for Lampung Province, water security is a significant factor for food and energy security, while water availability is in high vulnerability in the dry season due to lack of water resources infrastructure and catchment area degradation.

Investigation of the Coupling and Coordination Relationship of Water–Energy–Food–Ecology and the Driving Mechanism in Dalad Banner

“…The wa-ter resources evaluation index of Bainijing Town was relatively low, which may have been caused by unreasonable water use structure and a large proportion of agricultural water use. Shulinzhao Town had the highest energy evaluation index, mainly because Shulinzhao Town has abundant hydropower resources and large hydroelectric power generation [46], which leads to a high proportion of renewable energy consumption. Shulinzhao Town and Zhandanzhao Sumu are the main grain planting bases in Dalad Banner.…”