Water for the Dyehouse: Supply, Consumption, Recovery and Disposal

Abstract

Factors which account for the almost universal choice of water as a medium for textile dyeing processes are outlined. Many of the dominant trends in the development of improved equipment and processes during the last decade have been associated with the control and treatment of this essential resource. Typical examples include the strong links between water conservation and most of the effective ways of saving energy, improvements in effluent treatment plants to minimise the impact of water‐borne contaminants on the environment, exploitation of the possibilities for reuse of process water or treated effluent in further processing, as well as the direct objective of holding in check the rising contribution of water supply and effluent treatment to limit overall costs. This broad expanse of water, pure and impure, is surveyed from the viewpoint of the textile dye user, since, by virtue of the physical and chemical properties of textile dyes, he is also invariably a continual user of water.

Textile Dyeing, 7. Legal Aspects, Toxicology, and Ecology

“…A distinction is made between the stirring process with powdered carbon and the percolation process with granulated carbon [10,21,42,66]. The former has already been mentioned in connection with biological treatment.…”

“…Examples are the dyeing of cotton with indigo or sulfur dyes and the dyeing of cotton velvet with direct dyes. Polyamide can be dyed with acid dyes, acrylic fibers with cationic dyes, and polyester with disperse dyes in a standing bath [21,32]. Multiple use of the residual liquors from finishing processes should also be aimed at.…”

“…Water consumption can also be decreased by using dyeing equipment with shorter liquor ratios [34] (see Chap. 2), optimized process operation (e.g., washing in reactive dyeing [35]), and a series of other measures [21].…”

Design and Development of Composite Nonwoven Filter for Pre-filtration of Textile Effluents Using Nano-technology

“…This gives even better filtration results. Nano-fibre of PES (Polyether Sulphone) has been produced and used in this research work because it has high thermal and chemical resistance and also has appropriate mechanical properties [12][13][14][15][16]. If the pre filtration of textile effluent is good the next process results will improve.…”

Synergistic degradation of rhodamine B on BiOClxBr1−xsheets by combined photosensitization and photocatalysis under visible light irradiation

“…Popular treatment methods for eliminating dyes from the waste stream include flocculation with lime, activated charcoal adsorption, and biotreatment. 2 However, these methods face many challenges such as the generation of solid wastes and the restriction on indigenous soil microorganisms to degrade dye compounds, and they are likely to be inefficient. In recent years, great interest has been focused on the use of semiconductor materials as photocatalysts for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from the aqueous phase.…”