Water/Heavy Fuel Oil Emulsion Production, Characterization and Combustion

Abstract

In order to produce a water/heavy fuel oil emulsion (W/HFO) with different water contents to cover the daily needs of a fire tube boiler or a water tube boiler, a special homogenizer is designed, constructed and tested. The produced emulsion is characterized and compared with the pure HFO properties. It is found experimentally in fire tube boiler that, the use of W/HFO emulsion with 8% of water content (W0.08/HFO0.92) instead of HFO leads to a saving rate of 13.56% in HFO. For explaining the obtained energy saving the term “equivalent heat value (EHV) of the W/HFO emulsions”, defined as the ratio of the W/HFO emulsion net calorific value to the HFO content in the emulsion, is used. Based on direct measurements, provided in this work, it was found that the equivalent heat value (EHV) increases with the water content in the water/heavy fuel oil (W/HFO). It reaches 1.06 times of HFO net calorific value at water content of 22.24%. The obtained, in the present work, experimental results demonstrate the dependence of the emulsion EHV on its water content. These results are in agreement with the results of other authors. Therefore, the contribution of water droplets in the emulsion combustion is verified. It is found experimentally that, the emitted CO, SO2 and H2S gases from the fire tube boiler chimney decreases by 5.66%. 3.99% and 48.77% respectively in the case of (W0.08/HFO0.92) emulsion use instead of HFO.

Diesel–Biodiesel–Water Fuel Nanoemulsions for Direct Injection and Indirect Injection Diesel Engines: Performance and Emission Characteristics

“…When the combustion process occurs inside the cylinder, the droplet of water first evaporates due to the fact that the boiling point of water is lower than that of oil and then explodes into tiny droplets of fuel due to a micro-explosion effect that lowers the temperature of the combustion chamber, which can improve combustion efficiency. 18 Many researchers such as Alaa et al, 19 Najjar et al, 20 and Vellaiyan 21 , 22 studied the water-in-oil emulsion fuel to reduce the emission gases. Only a few studies have been conducted on nanoemulsion fuel testing in DI and IDI engines to compare performances and emissions.…”

Capacitive Water-Cut Meter with Robust Near-Linear Transfer Function

“…Hence, emulsified fuels are mixtures of a combustible liquid, either oil or fuel as a continuous phase, and a smaller amount of water with or without a surfactant as a dispersed phase. Emulsion of petroleum fuel in water is the most common form of such emulsion [4]. In emulsified diesel fuel, the heat absorption by water vaporization causes a decrease in the local adiabatic flame temperature, and this reduces the chemical reaction in the gas phase to produce thermal NO x [5].…”

“…. 10 µm diameter of droplets) and diesel fuel as a dispersion medium [8][9][10], and the volumetric water content in the fuel-water emulsions can vary from 5% to 30%, and is an object of strict control during the process of emulsification [4,[11][12][13].…”