Water in Molten Salts: Industrial and Electrochemical Consequences

Lovering, D. G.; Oblath, R. M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0920-9_11

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…On the other hand, at 350~ with melts equilibrated at "very low water contents" (4), this ratio was reported to be 2.000 (4,17) H20 + e ~-1/2 H2 + OH [4] The results of Geckle and Jordan (17,18) at 350~ are consistent with reaction [3]. Since the publication of these results, there has been some controversial discussion concerning the water reduction mechanisms which are reviewed in references (1,2,19). These previous observations can be accommodated by the parallel "ECE/EC" mechanisms demonstrated by the present results and which are written as follows Hydrodynamic voltammetric data obtained at the rotating gold disk electrode support a mechanism in terms of these two parallel pathways.…”

Section: Table I Representative Voltammetric Data For the Reduction O...mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In this paper, the different chemical and electrochemical behavior of water will be discussed on the basis of new data obtained for three different solvent systems in which water either (i) dissolves as a simple solute and obeys Henry's law which is the case for sodium nitratepotassium nitrate mixtures (3)(4)(5) or (ii) causes hydrolysis of the molten solvent which is the case for alkali metal carbonates and sulfates. The chemistry and electrochemistry of water has generated considerable discussion of late, and these new results help to resolve some of the apparent anomalies implied in the earlier studies (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

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confidence: 95%

“…Generally, water in molten salts is an undesirable impurity (1,2). However, in some applications it is introduced into the molten solvent deliberately as a reactive solute (as in new gasification and fuel cell technologies).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Behavior of Water in Molten Salts

White

Twardoch

1987

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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resultant films do not have power conversion efficiencies as large as those obtained for films prepared from other electrodeposition processes. For this process strict control of potential and solution composition is not required to deposit films having Cd/Se ratios close to 1.0. The films are less dense than those prepared using selenosulfite (3c). The bandgap of the film is dependent on the annealing temperature with the minimum bandgap occurring at 350~ or above. On the other hand, the maximum power conversion efficiency requires annealing temperatures of at least 500~ AcknowledgmentThis research was supported in part by a grant to M. C. from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We thank Dr. R. T. Oakley for making us aware of phosphine selenides.

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Section: Table I Representative Voltammetric Data For the Reduction O...mentioning

confidence: 94%

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confidence: 95%

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The Behavior of Water in Molten Salts

White

Twardoch

1987

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…From that, molten salts are the most familiar term. ILs have broad applications in the ionic species in the molten state [ 20 ]. The difference between ionic liquids and molten salts appears to be only a matter of degree.…”

Section: Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of environmental pollutants at trace levels using ionic liquids-based liquid-phase microextraction

UZCAN¹,

Jagirani²,

Soylak³

2022

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

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Sample preparation is the crucial and most challenging part of analytical chemistry for the speciation of environmental pollutants’ traces. Along with the development of the sample preparation methods, the ionic liquid-based microextraction technique plays an important role. Due to the unequivocally unique “green” characteristic of ionic liquids (ILs), they owe their tunable properties, such as highly selective and high reaction efficiency, reusability, and good thermal stability, to present advancements in the sample preparation process. The ionic liquid-based microextraction techniques miniaturize the sample preparation process. Liquid phase microextraction intermediate solvents, desorption solvent extractants, and mediators have been used. They are quoting the benefits and limitations of each method. A few essential sample preparation methods covered the microextraction technique. In this context, miniaturized microextraction methods have been developed. They are generally used for their unlimited positive features, including easy, simple, and environmentally friendly; they also extract inorganic and organic species with low-cost instrumentation. This review advances the sample preparation process using ILs-based liquid phase microextraction as an intermediate solvent, extractant desorption, and mediator solvents.

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Advancing Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionation through Molten Salt Hydrates: Catalyst‐Enhanced Pretreatment for Sustainable Biorefineries

Freitas Paiva,

Sadula,

Vlachos

et al. 2024

ChemSusChem

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Developing a process that performs the lignocellulosic biomass fractionation under milder conditions simultaneously with the depolymerization and/or the upgrading of all fractions is fundamental for the economic viability of future lignin‐first biorefineries. The molten salt hydrates (MSH) with homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts are a potential alternative to biomass pretreatment that promotes cellulose's dissolution and its conversion to different platform molecules while keeping the lignin reactivity. This review investigates the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass using MSH to produce chemicals and fuels. First, the MSH properties and applications are discussed. In particular, the use of MSH in cellulose dissolution and hydrolysis for producing high‐value chemicals and fuels is presented. Then, the biomass treatment with MSH is discussed. Different strategies for preventing sugar degradation, such as biphasic media, adsorbents, and precipitation, are contrasted. The potential for valorizing isolated lignin from the pretreatment with MSH is debated. Finally, challenges and limitations in utilizing MSH for biomass valorization are discussed, and future developments are presented

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Water in Molten Salts: Industrial and Electrochemical Consequences

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

The Behavior of Water in Molten Salts

The Behavior of Water in Molten Salts

Assessment of environmental pollutants at trace levels using ionic liquids-based liquid-phase microextraction

Advancing Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionation through Molten Salt Hydrates: Catalyst‐Enhanced Pretreatment for Sustainable Biorefineries

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