Water in Pig Nutrition: Physiology, Allowances and Environmental Implications

Mroz, Z.; Jongbloed, A.W.; Lenis, N.P.; Vreman, K.

doi:10.1079/nrr19950010

Cited by 60 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Also, through its role in body temperature regulation, it can be speculated that availability of drinking water will have an impact on VFI via mitigation of temperature effects on VFI (Mount et al 1971;Nienaber and Hahn 1984). The water:feed ratio that optimizes pig performance is poorly defined as revised but there is likely a minimum ratio below which performance will be negatively impacted (Mroz et al 1995). For weaned pigs, availability of drinking water soon after weaning is an important factor determining VFI (Brooks et al 1984;Gill et al 1986).…”

Section: Ii57 Availability Of Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary feed intake in growing-finishing pigs: A review of the main determining factors and potential approaches for accurate predictions

Nyachoti

Zijlstra²,

Lange³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A review of the main determining factors and potential approaches for accurate predictions. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 549-566. The ability of pigs to consume sufficient nutrients for optimal performance is an important consideration in commercial pork production. Nutrient intake levels are directly related to voluntary feed intake. Voluntary feed intake in pigs is influenced by several factors including environmental conditions (e.g. thermal and social conditions), animal status (e.g., age and physiological status), and feed and feeding conditions (e.g. bulkiness of the feed and feed form). Although the individual effects of many of these factors on voluntary feed intake have been investigated and quantified, little has been done to characterize their interactive effects. Under commercial conditions, voluntary feed intake is clearly influenced by multiple factors at any one time. Thus, there is a need for a means to accurately quantify voluntary feed intake in pigs as affected by the different interacting factors. Until quantitative effects of these interactions are established it is suggested that feed intake be monitored. This can be achieved by obtaining feed intake on representative groups of pigs.

show abstract

Section: Ii57 Availability Of Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary feed intake in growing-finishing pigs: A review of the main determining factors and potential approaches for accurate predictions

Nyachoti

Zijlstra²,

Lange³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pigs' water consumption can be affected by disease (Pijpers et al, 1991) and with the present development in computer technology, automatic real-time monitoring of drinking behaviour of individual pigs might potentially be used to identify individuals suffering from disease. However, pigs' water use is also influenced by external factors such as room temperature (Larsson, 1997;Seddon et al, 2011), level of social competition (Turner et al, 1999), diet (Mroz et al, 1995;Vermeer et al, 2009) and the available flow of water in the drinking nipples (Vermeer et al, 2009). Consequently, for drinking behaviour to be used to distinguish disease from other factors that influence it, a more detailed analysis of the drinking behaviour including more drinking variables besides the water intake is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing pigs’ drinking behaviour: number of visits, duration, water intake and diurnal variation

Andersen

Dybkjær

Herskin

2014

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Individual drinking patterns are a potential tool for disease monitoring in pigs. However, to date, individual pig drinking behaviour has not been described, and effects of external factors have not been examined. The aim of this study was to perform detailed quantification of drinking behaviour of growing pigs and to examine effects of period of day and effects of competition for access to the drinking nipple on the drinking behaviour, amount of water used and water wastage. In all, 52 cross-bred castrated male pigs (live weight 20.5 ± 1.7 kg; mean ± s.d.) maintained as either 3 (N3) or 10 (N10) pigs per pen and water nipple (four groups/ treatment) were used. All pigs were fitted with a transponder ear tag. A radio frequency identification reader recorded and time stamped visits at the nipple. In each pen, water flow was logged every second. The drinking behaviour was recorded for 4 consecutive days and analysed using a linear mixed model. Overall, the pigs spent 594 s at the nipple during 24 h distributed among 44 visits. During this period, 5 l of water were used, of which >30% was wasted. Social competition did not affect the drinking behaviour over 24 h, except for the proportion of interrupted visits where pigs, kept with recommended nipple availability (N10), showed an increased proportion of interrupted drinking bouts compared with pigs kept at very low level of competition (N3) (0.18 ± 0.01 v. 0.11 ± 0.01; P < 0.01). However, splitting data into 8-h periods (P1, P2, P3) starting from 0600 h revealed differences between treatments, showing that in N3, water use per visit was lower in P1 than P2 and P3 (110 ± 10 v. 126 ± 7 and 132 ± 7 ml; P < 0.05), whereas in N10, the water used per visit was higher during P3 than during the other periods (P1: 107 ± 14 ml, P2: 112 ± 10 ml v. P3: 151 ± 10 ml; P < 0.001). A similar pattern was found for visit duration. In N3, fewer nipple visits were observed in P2 than P1 (15.6 ± 1.2 v. 22.0 ± 1.2; P < 0.001), whereas no difference was found between P1 and P2 in N10. The results demonstrate that growing pigs at the two levels of competition maintained a comparable level of 24 h water intake by changing behavioural variables involved in drinking. This dynamic characteristic of drinking behaviour means that if individual drinking patterns are to be used as disease monitoring tools, it is important to consider effects of external factors and include data on period level to allow rapid detection of behavioural changes.

show abstract

“…Such a water waste is low if compared with the literature dealing with dry-fed pigs (Li et al, 2005;Mroz et al, 1995). Also the number and duration of drinking bouts/drinker manipulations we recorded were extremely low compared with the findings of other authors (Li et al, 2005;Turner et al, 1999Turner et al, , 2000, who recorded in dry-fed pigs 25-30 drinking bouts per pig per day and a total drinking time of 10-14 min over the 24-h period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Water requirements of liquid-fed heavy pigs: Effect of water restriction on growth traits, animal welfare and meat and ham quality

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water in Pig Nutrition: Physiology, Allowances and Environmental Implications

Cited by 60 publications

References 55 publications

Voluntary feed intake in growing-finishing pigs: A review of the main determining factors and potential approaches for accurate predictions

Voluntary feed intake in growing-finishing pigs: A review of the main determining factors and potential approaches for accurate predictions

Growing pigs’ drinking behaviour: number of visits, duration, water intake and diurnal variation

Water requirements of liquid-fed heavy pigs: Effect of water restriction on growth traits, animal welfare and meat and ham quality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About