Water in the human body: An anesthesiologist's perspective on the connection between physicochemical properties of water and physiologic relevance

Abstract

The unique structure and multifaceted physicochemical properties of the water molecule, in addition to its universal presence in body compartments, make water a key player in multiple biological processes in human physiology. Since anesthesiologists deal with physiologic processes where water molecules are critical at different levels, and administer medications whose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics depend on interaction with water molecules, we consider that exploration of basic science aspects related to water and its role in physiology and pharmacology is relevant to the practice of anesthesiology. The purpose of this paper is to delineate the physicochemical basis of water that are critical in enabling it to support various homeostatic processes. The role of water in the formation of solutions, modulation of surface tension and in homeostasis of body temperature, acid-base status and osmolarity, is analyzed. Relevance of molecular water interactions to the anesthesiologist is not limited to the realm of physiology and pathophysiology. Deep knowledge of the importance of water in volatile anesthetic effects on neurons opens a window to a new comprehensive understanding of complex cellular mechanisms underlying the practice of anesthesiology.

Reduction in Surface Tension of Water Due to Pranic Healing

“…To improve the transpiration, the hydrogen bonds in water need to be broken or the surface tension needs to be reduced (21) . Reduction of surface tension by surfactants would help to avoid the lung collapse, when anesthesia is administered to the body for surgeries (22) .…”

The improvement of insulin level after hydrogen-rich water therapy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

“…Water plays numerous pivotal roles in biological processes in the body, including maintaining physiological function (e.g., blood pressure, pH, and body temperature) [1], being a carrier of nutrients (e.g., glucose, sodium, and potassium) and waste products [1,2], and being a lubricant, reaction medium, and building material [2]. Water is a universal solvent, which makes it the main constituent of living things [3]. Adequate water consumption is essential for maintaining body health.…”

Zooplankton richness at the inlet of the La Mancha lagoon, during monthly and diel samplings

“…Water is an essential component of life; many of our vital processes are closely related to water, we need it for digestion, for the transportion and evacuation of exogenous substances and thermoregulation of our bodies (Riveros-Perez & Riveros, 2018). Similarly, many of the foods we eat are directly or indirectly depend on water, some of them for growth, such as fruits and vegetables, while for others it is necessary for its manufacture.…”

“…In the trading networks, the nodes are the countries and the edges represent the commercial exchange between these (unilateral or bilateral) (Du et al, 2016;An et al, 2014) in bibliographic networks, the nodes are books or articles and the connections between these are the citations that are made between these (Caschili et al, 2014). In biology we can find several examples, like the study of the interactions between proteins (Olyaee et al, 2016), the behavior of species (Riveros-Perez & Riveros, 2018) and in the transmission of diseases (Chow et al, 2010). Some authors like Fang et al, (2017) and Wu et al, (2013) create networks from the same hydrological network of a watershed, in those the nodes can be specific places in the network, for example the intersections and the water births, the edges are the flows of the rivers that connect these.…”