Water‐induced mechanically adaptive behavior of carboxylated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber reinforced by bacterial cellulose whiskers

Abstract

Water-induced mechanically adaptive rubber nanocomposites were prepared by mixing bacterial cellulose whiskers (BCWs) suspension with carboxylated acerlonitrilebutadiene rubber (XNBR) latex, followed by latex blending method. The introduction of BCWs into XNBR enhanced the tensile storage modulus (E') significantly, which originated from the formation of a rigid 3D filler network within matrix as well as the interfacial interaction between filler and matrix. The water uptake ratio of nanocomposite films increased with BCWs content, from 5.5% for neat XNBR to 54% for nanocomposite with 20 phr (parts per hundred rubber) BCWs. Upon submersed in water, the nanocomposite films showed dramatic decrease in E 0 , especially for which filled with high BCWs loadings. For example, E 0 of nanocomposite with 20 phr BCWs was decreased by 98.04% after equilibrium swelling compared with only 52.02% for nanocomposite with 3 phr BCWs. The remarkable watertriggered modulus changes are attributed to the disentanglement of BCWs network after swelling. The prepared XNBR-BCWs nanocomposites with mechanically adaptive properties could contribute to develop the new type of rubber-based smart materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 00:000-000, 2018.

Three‐Dimensional Printing of Methacrylic Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystal‐Reinforced Nanocomposites With Improved Properties

“…Many kinds of nanocelluloses, such as cellulose nanofibril (CNF), cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and bacterial cellulose (BC) with tunable properties, were reported. Specifically, the combination properties of good hydrophilicity, inherent stiffness, high aspect ratio (length‐to‐diameter ratio:10–70) and excellent mechanical properties of CNC has made it the most ideal nanocellulose to blend with resins . For example, Napolabel et al used PEGDA/CNC as bioink successfully printed complex structures via stereolithography, but the mechanical and thermal performances of the printed object were not well pronounced .…”

Hybrid bacterial cellulose‐collagen membranes production in culture media enriched with antioxidant compounds from plant extracts

“…The in situ modification of BC occurs during fermentation by adding exogenous molecules as natural or synthetic additives, as well as reinforcement materials to the culture. [ 14,15 ] This method modifies BC to reduce chemical and physical limitations, as per the applications of interest. [ 16 ]…”

“…The in situ modification of BC occurs during fermentation by adding exogenous molecules as natural or synthetic additives, as well as reinforcement materials to the culture. [14,15] This method modifies BC to reduce chemical and physical limitations, as per the applications of interest. [16] Among plant matrices that can be used to enrich BC composition, extracts of white tea, green tea (GT), and Hibiscus tea stand out because of their high concentration of phenolic compounds that are widely known for having health benefits.…”

Nanocellulose in Emulsions and Heterogeneous Water‐Based Polymer Systems: A Review

“…All reports of BNC in emulsion polymerization involve first polymerizing polymer particles (or purchasing commercial latexes) and then subsequently blending BNC into the water phase. To date, blending of BNC with polymers such as poly (hydroxyoctanoate), [242] poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate), [243] carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, [244,250] natural rubber, [245,247,249] and styrene-butadiene rubber [246,248] (all relatively low glass transition temperature, T g , polymers) have been shown to reinforce the polymer nanocomposites cast from dispersion. In most reports, the polymer particle diameter is not reported but typical sizes are listed in Table 4.…”