Water-Pipe Smoke Exposure-Induced Circulatory Disturbances in Mice, and the Influence of Betaine Supplementation Thereon

Al-Salam, Suhail; Beegam, Sumaya; Yuvaraju, Priya; Oulhaj, Abderrahim; Ali, Badreldin H.

doi:10.1159/000464117

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Furthermore, we found a significant increase in the concentration of cytochrome C in kidney homogenates. It has been demonstrated that exposure of mice to WPS induces oxidative stress leading to an elevation in cytochrome C release in testicular and heart tissue homogenates suggesting mitochondrial damage (Nemmar et al, 2017c;Ali et al, 2019). In addition, it has been shown that the cytokine tumor-necrosis factor α triggers cytochrome C release of from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, which is known to attach with the adaptor apoptotic protease activator factor-I and recruit caspase-9/3 that eventually result in cellular apoptosis (Yu et al, 2014;Savitskaya and Onishchenko, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nose-Only Water-Pipe Smoke Exposure in Mice Elicits Renal Histopathological Alterations, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis

et al. 2020

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The prevalence of water-pipe tobacco smoking is increasing worldwide, and is relatively high among youth and young adults. Exposure to water-pipe smoke (WPS) has been reported to affect various systems including the respiratory, cardiovascular and reproductive systems. However, the impact of WPS exposure on the kidney has received only scant attention. Here, we assessed the effect of nose-only WPS exposure for one or four consecutive weeks on renal histology, inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. The duration of the session was 30 min/day and 5 days/week. Control mice were exposed to air. Light and electron microcopy analysis revealed that the WPS exposure (especially at 4-week time point) caused degeneration of the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries and vacuolar degenerations of the proximal convoluted tubules. WPS exposure also significantly decreased the creatinine clearance, and significantly increased proteinuria and urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) concentration. Kidney lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, and oxidized glutathione were significantly increased. WPS exposure also affected the concentration of reduced glutathione and the activity of catalase. Likewise, renal concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and KIM-1 were augmented by WPS exposure. Moreover, WPS caused DNA damage as evaluated by comet assay, and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome C in the kidney. We conclude that exposure of mice to WPS caused renal histopathological alterations, inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. If the latter findings could be substantiated by controlled human studies, it would be an additional cause for disquiet about an established public health concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nose-Only Water-Pipe Smoke Exposure in Mice Elicits Renal Histopathological Alterations, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis

et al. 2020

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“…Animals were put in soft restraints and connected to the exposure tower [ 14 , 15 , 20 – 22 ]. The animals were exposed to either air or WPS via their noses by a nose-only exposure system linked to a water pipe (InExpose System, Scireq, Canada).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Training Mitigates Water Pipe Smoke Exposure‐Induced Pulmonary Impairment via Inhibiting NF‐κB and Activating Nrf2 Signalling Pathways

Al-Salam

Yuvaraju

Beegam

et al. 2018

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Water pipe smoking is a tobacco smoking method commonly used in Eastern countries and is gaining popularity in Europe and North America, in particular among adolescents and young adults. Several clinical and experimental studies have reported that exposure to water pipe smoke (WPS) induces lung inflammation and impairment of pulmonary function. However, the mechanisms of such effects are not understood, as are data on the possible palliative effect of exercise training. The present study evaluated the effects of regular aerobic exercise training (treadmill: 5 days/week, 40 min/day) on subchronic exposure to WPS (30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 2 months). C57BL/6 mice were exposed to air or WPS with or without exercise training. Airway resistance measured using forced oscillation technique was significantly and dose-dependently increased in the WPS-exposed group when compared with the air-exposed one. Exercise training significantly prevented the effect of WPS on airway resistance. Histologically, the lungs of WPS-exposed mice had focal moderate interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration consisting of neutrophil polymorphs, plasma cells, and lymphocytes. There was a mild increase in intra-alveolar macrophages and a focal damage to alveolar septae in some foci. Exercise training significantly alleviated these effects and also decreased the WPS-induced increase of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 concentrations and attenuated the increase of 8-isoprostane in lung homogenates. Likewise, the lung DNA damage induced by WPS was significantly inhibited by exercise training. Moreover, exercise training inhibited nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) expression induced by WPS and increased that of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Our findings suggest that exercise training significantly mitigated WPS-induced increase in airway resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage via mechanisms that include inhibiting NF-κB and activating Nrf2 signalling pathways.

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“…The immunohistochemical preparation and analysis of heart section for the detection of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2) and SOD were performed using anti-NRF-2 (Rabbit Polyclonal, 1:100, Abcam, Burlingame, CA, USA) and anti-SOD (Rabbit Polyclonal, 1:300, Abcam, Burlingame, CA, USA) antibodies, as described before [35,52]. The immunohistochemical staining of the heart tissue was scored semi-quantitatively on a scale of 0-4 according to % of staining of heart muscles in 4 slides of each specimen, and each slide included 4 equal coronal slices of the heart.…”

Section: Histopathology and Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immunohistochemical staining of the heart tissue was scored semi-quantitatively on a scale of 0-4 according to % of staining of heart muscles in 4 slides of each specimen, and each slide included 4 equal coronal slices of the heart. A score of 0 was given if the expression varied from 0% to 10%, 1 for 11% to 25%, 2 for 26% to 50%, 3 for 51% to 75% and 4 for over 75% [35,52].…”

Section: Histopathology and Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Inhalation Triggers Thrombogenicity, Cardiac Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice: Effects of Flavouring

Al-Salam

Beegam

Yuvaraju

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The consumption of water-pipe smoking (WPS) has been promoted by the use of flavoured tobacco. However, little is known about the impact of flavouring on the cardiovascular toxicity induced by WPS inhalation. Here, we compared the cardiovascular effects and underlying mechanism of actions of plain (P) (unflavoured) versus apple-flavoured (AF) WPS (30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 1 month) in mice. Control mice were exposed to air. Both P- and AF-WPS inhalation induced an increase in systolic blood pressure, thrombogenicity and plasma concentration of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. In heart homogenates, AF-WPS inhalation caused an increase of 8-isoprostane and a decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Nevertheless, P-WPS decreased only the activity of SOD. The concentrations of tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β were increased only in heart homogenates of mice exposed to AF-WPS. Although both P- and AF-WPS increased the concentration of troponin I in heart homogenates and induced DNA damage, the concentration of cleaved caspase 3 was only increased in mice exposed to AF-WPS. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hearts showed that both P- and AF- WPS inhalation decreased the expression of SOD. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 at nuclear level in the heart was higher in both AF-WPS and P-WPS compared with control group, and the effect observed in AF-WPS group was more significant than that seen in P-WPS group. Likewise, the concentration of heme oxygenase-1 was significantly increased in both P-WPS and AF-WPS groups compared with control group, and the effect seen in AF-group was higher than that observed in P-WPS group. In conclusion, our findings showed that both P- and AF-WPS induce thrombogenicity and cardiac injury, and that this toxicity is potentiated by the presence of flavouring.

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Water-Pipe Smoke Exposure-Induced Circulatory Disturbances in Mice, and the Influence of Betaine Supplementation Thereon

Cited by 23 publications

References 52 publications

Nose-Only Water-Pipe Smoke Exposure in Mice Elicits Renal Histopathological Alterations, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis

Nose-Only Water-Pipe Smoke Exposure in Mice Elicits Renal Histopathological Alterations, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis

Exercise Training Mitigates Water Pipe Smoke Exposure‐Induced Pulmonary Impairment via Inhibiting NF‐κB and Activating Nrf2 Signalling Pathways

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Inhalation Triggers Thrombogenicity, Cardiac Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice: Effects of Flavouring

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