“…The outcomes of exogenous bacteria in improving production performance and water quality of aquaculture practices are inconsistent. In some studies, microbial product supplementation resulted in the reduction of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen and organic matter and the increase in survival and production of the farmed animals (Chen & Chen, ; Janeo, Corre & Sakata, ; Kuhn, Drahos, Marsh & Flick, ; Liang et al., ; Liu & Han, ; Nimrat, Suksawat, Boonthai & Vuthiphandchai, ; Shariff, Yusoff, Devaraja & Rao, ; Vovk, Bazaeva & Didenko, ; Wang & He, ; Wang, Xu & Xia, ; Wu et al., ; Zhang et al., , ; Zink, Benetti, Douillet, Margulies & Scholey, ; Zokaeifar et al., ). In the other studies, supplementation of microbial products did not significantly improve production performance and water quality of aquaculture practices (Boyd, Hollerman, Plumb & Saeed, ; Chiayvareesajja & Boyd, ; Li & Boyd, ,b; Lukwambe et al., ; McIntosh et al., ; de Paiva‐Maia, Alves‐Modesto, Otavio‐Brito, Olivera & Vasconcelos‐Gesteira, ; Queiroz & Boyd, ; Talpur, Ikhwanuddin, Abdullah & Bolong, ; Tang, Dai, Li, Qin & Wang, ; Zheng, Tang, Ren, & Wang, ; Zhou, Wang & Li, ).…”