Water quality evaluation of two interconnected dam lakes with field-captured and laboratory-acclimated fish, Cyprinus carpio

Abstract

Karakaya and Sultansuyu Dam Lakes, located in the eastern part of Turkey, are important water sources, both for irrigation and fishery. The main goal of the study was to investigate water qualities of dam lakes using a set of biomarkers in the fish Cyprinus carpio. For this aim, field sample and laboratory-acclimated fish were compared to identify changes in selected biomarkers. The activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and carboxylesterase were determined in liver samples. Also, plasma and liver lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities were assayed. Brain acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities were also determined. The hepatosomatic index and condition factors were calculated. Plasma vitellogenin assays were evaluated for the presence of xenoestrogen. Physicochemical values of water samples showed the existence of eutrophication risk, and also, some chemicals in both lakes were determined to be over tolerable limits. The comparisons of samples from both dam lake and laboratory-acclimated fish showed that the lakes may be at risk of pollution by some xenobiotics, namely xenoestrogens and acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting agents.

Sensitivity of cholinesterases and carboxylesterases to pharmaceutical products in Tinca tinca

“…Thus, AChE activity was increased 4% and 14% in brain at 50 and 100 μg/kg, respectively, and 11% and 12% in liver and muscle, respectively, at 50 μg/kg (Figure 1A–C). This behaviour has also been found in rat and C. carpio after exposure to 17β‐estradiol (E 2 ), natural estrogen structurally similar to EE 2 , for brain AChE activity 37,38 . According to Fatehi et al, 39 E 2 can produce an increase in the neuronal excitability, which could explain the induction of this enzymatic activity.…”

“…This behaviour has also been found in rat and C. carpio after exposure to 17β-estradiol (E 2 ), natural estrogen structurally similar to EE 2 , for brain AChE activity. 37,38 According to Fatehi et al, 39 E 2 can produce an increase in the neuronal excitability, which could explain the induction of this enzymatic activity. In the same line, Tavares et al 40 been cited the effect of estrogenic agents in the AChE activity presumably could be the same as in fish due to the universal nature of transmission of nerve impulses in vertebrates.…”