Water Regurgitation by Adult Double-crested Cormorants: A Possible Mechanism to Assist in Chick Thermoregulation

Parental Nesting Behavior, Chick Growth and Breeding Success of Shoebills(Balaeniceps rex)in the Bangweulu Wetlands, Zambia

“…Temperatures measured by the cameras in 2013 varied between 1 °C (at night) and 42 °C (around midday) during our study period. Small chicks needed brooding during nights and cooling by means of shading or watering during the day (Buxton et al 1978;King and Chastant 2008). The peak of short parental trips to collect water was between 10:00 hr and 14:00 hr, when outside temperatures were highest, and nest attendance thus decreased.…”