Water repellency reduces soil CO2 efflux upon rewetting

Sánchez-García, Carmen; Oliveira, Bruna R. F.; Keizer, Jan Jacob; Doerr, Stefan H.; Urbanek, Emilia

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135014

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Wildfires impact forest carbon pools not only directly through combustion of vegetation and litter biomass and soil organic matter but also indirectly through disturbance of energy, water and carbon fluxes (Sommers et al, 2014;Stevens-Rumann et al, 2017). These indirect effects are particularly difficult to assess, as they depend on a number of factors related to fire severity, forest type, post-fire land management and post-fire environmental conditions (De la Rosa et al, 2012;Santana et al, 2016;Serrano-Ortiz et al, 2011). Furthermore, these effects can be long lasting, as illustrated by Dore et al (2008), finding that a Pinus ponderosa forest was a carbon source 10 years after a stand-replacing wildfire (Table S1 in the Supplement).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating immediate post-fire carbon fluxes using the eddy-covariance technique

Oliveira

Schaller²,

Keizer

et al. 2021

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Wildfires typically affect multiple forest ecosystem services, with carbon sequestration being affected both directly, through the combustion of vegetation, litter and soil organic matter, and indirectly, through perturbation of the energy and matter balances. Post-fire carbon fluxes continue to be poorly studied at the ecosystem scale, especially during the initial window of disturbance when changes in environmental conditions can be very pronounced due to the deposition and subsequent mobilization of a wildfire ash layer and the recovery of the vegetation. Therefore, an eddy-covariance system was installed in a burnt area as soon as possible after a wildfire that had occurred on 13 August 2017 and has been operating from the 43rd post-fire day onwards. The study site was specifically selected in a Mediterranean woodland area dominated by maritime pine stands with a low stature that had burned at high severity. The carbon fluxes recorded during the first post-fire hydrological year tended to be very low so that a specific procedure for the analysis and, in particular, gap filling of the eddy-covariance data had to be developed. Still, the carbon fluxes varied noticeably during the first post-fire year, broadly revealing five consecutive periods. During the rainless period after the wildfire, fluxes were reduced but, somewhat surprisingly, indicated a net assimilation. With the onset of the autumn rainfall, fluxes increased and corresponded to a net emission, while they became insignificant with the start of the winter. From the midwinter onwards, net fluxes became negative, indicating a weak carbon update during spring followed by a strong uptake during summer. Over the first post-fire year as a whole, the cumulative net ecosystem exchange was −347 g C m−2, revealing a relatively fast recovery of the carbon sink function of the ecosystem. This recovery was mainly due to understory species, both resprouter and seeder species, since pine recruitment was reduced. Specific periods during the first post-fire year were analyzed in detail to improve process understanding. Perhaps most surprisingly, dew formation and, more specifically, its subsequent evaporation were found to play a role in carbon emissions during the rainless period immediately after fire, involving a mechanism distinct from degassing the ash–soil pores by infiltrating water. The use of a special wavelet technique was fundamental for this inference.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating immediate post-fire carbon fluxes using the eddy-covariance technique

Oliveira

Schaller²,

Keizer

et al. 2021

Biogeosciences

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“…The water repellent areas of soil make their rehydration more complicated and have an indirect influence on deepening the effects of a drought. The ecological role of repellency in promoting the resilience of plant communities and soil carbon stock to wildfire or drought stress in various ecosystems were presented in multiple studies [40][41][42][43][44]. The SWR phenomenon of forest soils can be a significant factor intensifying droughts, especially in the case of light and very light soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Functional Responses to Natural Ecosystem Restoration of a Pine Forest Peucedano-Pinetum after a Fire

Hewelke

Górska

Gozdowski

et al. 2020

Forests

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Progressing climate change increases the frequency of droughts and the risk of the occurrence of forest fires with an increasing range and a dramatic course. The availability of water and its movement within an ecosystem is a fundamental control of biological activity and physical properties, influencing many climatic processes, whereas soil water repellency (SWR) is a key phenomenon affecting water infiltration into the soil system. Focusing on wide-spectrum effects of fire on the soil system, the research was conducted on a pine stand (Peucedano-Pinetum W. Mat. (1962) 1973) in Kampinos National Park located in central Poland, affected by severe and weak fires, as well as control plots. The main aim of the study was to examine the regeneration of the ecosystem 28 months after the occurrence of a fire. The effect of SWR and soil moisture content, total organic carbon, nitrogen and pH, and gain an understanding of the environmental conditions and processes that shaped the evolution of the species structure of soil microorganism communities (fungal vs. bacterial) have been examined. The Water Drop Penetration Time (WDPT) test was used to assess spatial variability of SWR in 28 plots. Soil bacterial and fungal communities were analysed by Illumina’MISeq using 16S rRNA and Internal Transcribed Spacers 1 (ITS1) regions in six selected plots. After a relatively wet summer, elevated hydrophobicity occurred in areas affected by a weak fire as much as 20 cm into the soil depth. The severe fire and subsequent increase in the richness of the succession of non-forest species contributed to the elimination of hydrophobicity. SWR was more closely linked to the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities than soil physicochemical properties that took place in response to the fire. A statistically significant relationship between the relative occurrence of microorganisms (≥ 1.0% in at least one of the samples) and SWR was established for the following fungi and bacteria species: Archaeorhizomyces sp., Leotiomycetes sp., Byssonectria fusispora, Russula vesca, Geminibasidium sp., family Isosphaeraceae and Cyanobacteria (class 4C0d-2, order MLE1-12). Insight into the functional roles of the individual identified microbial taxa that may be responsible for the occurrence of hydrophobicity was also presented.

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“…All these mechanisms are further impacted by soil property heterogeneity. For example, soils prone to water repellency tend to have preferential water flow channels and uneven soil water distribution, which contributes to temporal variability in CO 2 efflux (Sánchez-García, Oliveira, Keizer, Doerr, & Urbanek, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation‐drainage cycles lead to hot moments in soil carbon dioxide dynamics in a Neotropical wet forest

Fernandez‐Bou

Dierick

Allen

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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Soil CO 2 concentrations and emissions from tropical forests are modulated seasonally by precipitation. However, subseasonal responses to meteorological events (e.g., storms, drought) are less well known. Here, we present the effects of meteorological variability on short-term (hours to months) dynamics of soil CO 2 concentrations and emissions in a Neotropical wet forest. We continuously monitored soil

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Water repellency reduces soil CO2 efflux upon rewetting

Cited by 22 publications

References 99 publications

Estimating immediate post-fire carbon fluxes using the eddy-covariance technique

Estimating immediate post-fire carbon fluxes using the eddy-covariance technique

Soil Functional Responses to Natural Ecosystem Restoration of a Pine Forest Peucedano-Pinetum after a Fire

Precipitation‐drainage cycles lead to hot moments in soil carbon dioxide dynamics in a Neotropical wet forest

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