Water Reuse Systems: A Review of Principal Components

Lucchetti, Gino; Gray, Gerard A.

doi:10.1577/1548-8640(1988)050<0001:wrsaro>2.3.co;2

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…N0 2 --N concentrations rose through the study for all filter types (Figure 4a). This lag between loading and Nitrobacter community response is typical of biofilters in recirculating aquaculture systems (Lucchetti and Gray 1988). The greatest N0 2 --N fluctuations were observed in trickling filter systems, where a maximum value of 2.24 mg/ L was observed on day 201 of the study.…”

Section: Water Quality Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Although nitrification occurs throughout the culture system (Rogers and Klemetson 1985;Losordo 1991), high levels of sustained nitrification cannot be attained without use of a biofilter. Organic degradation within the culture environment can significantly deteriorate system water quality and increase biofilter clogging (Lucchetti and Gray 1988). The majority of organic wastes stem from uneaten feed, sloughed biofilm, and fecal matter (Libey 1993;Piedrahita et al 1996).…”

Section: Iniroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Quality Impacts of Three Biofilter Designs in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

Hall¹,

Hallerman²,

Libey³

2002

International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture

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ABSlRACTNine recirculating aquaculture systems utilizing three biofilter types were placed on line and stocked with yellow perch, Percaflavescens, fingerlings. Biofilter type differed among systems, and included upflow pulsed bed bead filter, packed tower trickling filter, and rotating biological contactor. Following filter acclimation, a comparative analysis of biofilter performance was conducted, involving measurement of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total ammonia-nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, alkalinity, total hardness, carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, and total suspended solids. Filter bed emergence promoted effective carbon dioxide stripping, pH maintenance, and consistent nitrification performance in trickling filters and rotating biological contactors. Higher total ammonia nitrogen mass removal rates were observed in trickling and rotating biological contactor filters than in bead filters. Low total ammonia nitrogen mass removal rates and nitrification efficiencies for all filters resulted from relatively high carbonaceous biological oxygen demand loadings. Analysis of areas under mass removal curves showed that RBC filters were surface area limited. Foam formation in trickling filters effectively removed total suspended solids from the culture water. Filter type did not have a significant effect on median

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Section: Water Quality Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Iniroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Impacts of Three Biofilter Designs in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

Hall¹,

Hallerman²,

Libey³

2002

International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture

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“…This type of device is important for groundwater studies to provide data on gas mass flow rate and composition. The ebullition occurring at a spring discharge may act to strip out dissolved gases, which would introduce error into a dissolved gas analysis (White et al ; Baird et al ; Patoczka and Wilson ; Lucchetti and Gray ; Vroblesky and Lorah ; Mariner et al ). Failing to account for the free gas phase may introduce significant errors in determining the total gas present and thereby alter measurements of interest, such as water age dating (Taran ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Instrument for the Determination of a Hydropneumograph in a Bubbling Spring

Agnew¹,

Halihan

Holtzhower

et al. 2019

Groundwater

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In order to enable greater accuracy in the determination of the mass discharge of gas and water‐gas ratios (WGR) in groundwater from springs, we have developed a field‐deployable instrument using commercially available components to independently measure the gas and water mass flow rates in springs with bubbling mixed‐phase flow. Collecting and measuring the free gas phase will allow for further compositional analysis that may be useful in improving gas‐derived parameters such as recharge temperature and age, as well as quantification of methanogenesis and flux of crustal/mantle gasses. By installing a phase separator at the spring discharge, a thermal mass flow sensor is utilized to measure the gas flow rate (ebullition + flux) generated from a spring. The water flow rate is determined by a standard weir. Field performance of the device was tested on a spring discharging from the Arbuckle‐Simpson aquifer near the town of Connerville in south‐central Oklahoma, USA.

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“…Failing to account for the free gas phase may introduce significant errors in determining the total gas present if only the dissolved phase is analyzed. Surficial bubbles (typically biogenic in origin) may act to strip out dissolved gasses, which would introduce error into a dissolved gas analysis (White et al ; Baird et al ; Patoczka and Wilson ; Lucchetti and Gray ; Vroblesky and Lorah ; Mariner et al ). This work describes that bubbles may also indicate biological activity, void spaces, petroleum deposits, high groundwater velocity, mineral composition, petroleum deposits, and other geochemical and geophysical phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Springs Bubble: A Framework for Gas Discharge in Groundwater

Agnew¹,

Halihan

2018

Groundwater

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The mechanisms leading to the formation of bubbles in springs and wells have received minimal attention beyond causation. Free-phase gas quantification provides insight into a range of topics, from hazards that need to be managed to the economic value of soda waters. The presence of free-phase gas or vapor bubbles in groundwater may provide valuable information about the subsurface flow system. Additionally, free-phase gas or vapor bubbles may strip dissolved gasses from solution and introduce error into the assessment of gasses in springs, affecting analyses such as groundwater dating techniques. Similar to Meinzer's (1927) classification of springs by discharge rate, this paper proposes a framework for discussing free-phase gas and bubble phenomenon in groundwater to organize literature and foster future research. The naming, description, and categorization of free-phase gas or bubbles in groundwater provided in this review use seven common bubble manifestations or facies. These facies are based upon the processes in which the groundwater is charged with a gaseous species and the processes that bring the gas out of solution. Gas bubbles found in groundwater rarely occur as a single gas; therefore, these facies may overlap, but the proposed structure provides a useful framework. A glossary of bubble terms is provided to assist in clarity of describing free-phase gas phenomena.

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Water Reuse Systems: A Review of Principal Components

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Water Quality Impacts of Three Biofilter Designs in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

Water Quality Impacts of Three Biofilter Designs in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

An Instrument for the Determination of a Hydropneumograph in a Bubbling Spring

Why Springs Bubble: A Framework for Gas Discharge in Groundwater

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