Water Scarcity and Water Stress in Agriculture

Land and Water Management Strategies for the Improvement of Crop Production

“…Some of the crucial preconditions for achieving more intensive (productive) irrigated cropping assume successful institutional changes at (inter)national and regional levels (e.g., defined longterm land and water management strategies accompanied with effective policies) and infrastructural modernization (Gosling et al, 2011;Ondrasek, 2014).…”

“…Better management of irrigation water appears to be the most feasible way of achieving large increases in water productivity (Sadras et al, 2010) in preference to irrigation system adaptation and/or modernization. Thus, there is a significant potential for water saving via shifting from traditional to modern irrigation systems, or by modifying/upgrading particular elements of traditional systems (Ondrasek, 2014). Thus, there is a significant potential for water saving via shifting from traditional to modern irrigation systems, or by modifying/upgrading particular elements of traditional systems (Ondrasek, 2014).…”

“…Countries with the highest annual use (m 3 per capita) of treated wastewater for irrigation are: Kuwait (82.3), United Arab Emirates (71.1), Qatar (51.7), Israel (46.4), and Cyprus (31.9) (Mateo-Sagasta and Burke, 2010). For instance, about 75% of all industrial and up to 95% of sewage effluents in the developing countries are discharged without any treatment into surface waters-the main hydrosources for irrigation in many countries (Ondrasek, 2014). Doing this is lacking in many developing and (un)developed countries.…”

“…It also is widely used in land contouring for various irrigation practices (e.g., in surface irrigation systems), conserving water by reducing runoff, and allowing uniform distribution of water (e.g., Ondrasek, 2014). It also is widely used in land contouring for various irrigation practices (e.g., in surface irrigation systems), conserving water by reducing runoff, and allowing uniform distribution of water (e.g., Ondrasek, 2014).…”

Irrigation Management Practices and Their Influence on Fruit Agroecosystem

“…Modified Penman-Monteith approach is the most used mathematical approach for Et determination accepted by research as well as in practice of water management and planning. The P-M method can be successfully applied for Et calculations and water management in field conditions [10].…”