Water Shortage Strongly Alters Formation of Calcium Oxalate Druse Crystals and Leaf Traits in Fagopyrum esculentum

Gaberščik, Alenka; Grašič, Mateja; Vogel‐Mikuš, Katarina; Germ, Mateja; Golob, Aleksandra

doi:10.3390/plants9070917

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The results of the present study confirm that, at the intraspecific level, there is a connection between drought conditions, imposed via different watering regimes, and the decomposition of CaO x crystals, which has been observed in a number of taxonomically different plant species [29,59,67,68]. The water deficit is a very important issue for plant survival not only due to tissue and organ dehydration, but also due to carbon deficit within the mesophyll during stomatal closure [69][70][71].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Acclimation of the Grapevine Vitis vinifera L. cv. Assyrtiko to Water Deficit: Coordination of Structural and Functional Leaf Traits and the Dynamic of Calcium Oxalate Crystals

Kolyva,

Nikolopoulos,

Bresta

et al. 2023

Plants

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Grapevine leaves contain abundant CaOx crystals located either within the mesophyll in the form of raphides, or in the bundle sheaths as druses. CaOx crystals function as internal carbon pools providing CO2 for a baseline level of photosynthesis, named “alarm photosynthesis”, despite closed stomata; thus, preventing the photoinhibition and the oxidative risk due to carbon starvation under adverse conditions. Structural and functional leaf traits of acclimated grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Assyrtiko) were investigated in response to water availability, in order to evaluate the dynamic functionality of CaOx. Leaf water potential, leaf area, leaf mass per area, stomatal properties, gas exchange parameters and performance index (PI) were decreased in leaves of vines acclimated to water deficit in comparison to the leaves of well-irrigated vines, although the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that the operational efficiency of the photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) did not change, indicating that the photosynthetic apparatus was not subjected to water stress. During the afternoon, more than half of the morning’s existing druses disappeared in the drought-acclimated leaves. Also, the raphides’ area of the drought-acclimated leaves was reduced more than that of the well-watered leaves. The substantial decomposition of druses under water deficit conditions compared to that of the raphides may have important implications for the maintenance of their different though overlapping roles. According to the results, it seems likely that, under water deficit conditions, a mechanism of “alarm photosynthesis” provides an additional tolerance trait in the leaves of Vitis vinifera cv. Assyrtiko; hence, leaf structure relates to function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Acclimation of the Grapevine Vitis vinifera L. cv. Assyrtiko to Water Deficit: Coordination of Structural and Functional Leaf Traits and the Dynamic of Calcium Oxalate Crystals

Kolyva,

Nikolopoulos,

Bresta

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…The oxalate part produced in the root can take part in nutrient acquisition, metal detoxification, mineral weathering, and selection of beneficial bacterial populations, whereas oxalate in the leaves can function as a dynamic carbon reservoir, providing CO 2 in a process called alarm photosynthesis [10]. Moreover, oxalate of all organ and tissues can take part in defense reactions upon pathogen and/or herbivore attack [8,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Colobanthus quitensis under CO2 Limiting Conditions

Gómez-Espinoza

González-Ramírez

Bresta

et al. 2020

Plants

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Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are widespread among plant species. Their functions are not yet completely understood; however, they can provide tolerance against multiple environmental stress factors. Recent evidence suggested that CaOx crystals function as carbon reservoirs since its decomposition provides CO2 that may be used as carbon source for photosynthesis. This might be advantageous in plants with reduced mesophyll conductance, such as the Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis, which have shown CO2 diffusion limitations. In this study, we evaluate the effect of two CO2 concentrations in the CaOx crystals decomposition and chlorophyll fluorescence of C. quitensis. Plants were exposed to airflows with 400 ppm and 11.5 ppm CO2 and the number and relative size of crystals, electron transport rate (ETR), and oxalate oxidase (OxO) activity were monitored along time (10 h). Here we showed that leaf crystal area decreases over time in plants with 11.5 ppm CO2, which was accompanied by increased OxO activity and only a slight decrease in the ETR. These results suggested a relation between CO2 limiting conditions and the CaOx crystals decomposition in C. quitensis. Hence, crystal decomposition could be a complementary endogenous mechanism for CO2 supply in plants facing the Antarctic stressful habitat.

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“…Ultraviolet rays can damage the gentle tissue of plants [ 16 ]. Some plants have crystals or growths on the leaf surface that reflect, or at least disperse, harmful UV radiation [ 17 ]. Many plant species form substances that protect them from UV radiation.…”

Section: Impact Of Solar Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Shield for Protection of Buckwheat Plants from UV-B Radiation

et al. 2022

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Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) and common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) are adapted to growing in harsh conditions of high altitudes. Ultraviolet radiation at high altitudes strongly impacts plant growth and development. Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, protecting substances are synthesized in plants. The synthesis of UV-B defense metabolites is genetically conditioned, and their quantity depends on the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation to which the plants and plant parts are exposed. These substances include flavonoids, and especially rutin. Other substances with aromatic rings of six carbon atoms have a similar function, including fagopyrin, the metabolite specific for buckwheat. Defensive substances are formed in the leaves and flowers of common and Tartary buckwheat, up to about the same concentration in both species. In comparison, the concentration of rutin in the grain of Tartary buckwheat is much higher than in common buckwheat. Flavonoids also have other functions in plants so that they can protect them from pests and diseases. After crushing the grains, rutin is exposed to contact with the molecules of rutin-degrading enzymes. In an environment with the necessary humidity, rutin is turned into bitter quercetin under the action of rutin-degrading enzymes. This bitterness has a deterrent effect against pests. Moreover, flavonoids have important functions in human nutrition to prevent several chronic diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, gallstone formation, and hypertension.

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Water Shortage Strongly Alters Formation of Calcium Oxalate Druse Crystals and Leaf Traits in Fagopyrum esculentum

Cited by 14 publications

References 65 publications

Acclimation of the Grapevine Vitis vinifera L. cv. Assyrtiko to Water Deficit: Coordination of Structural and Functional Leaf Traits and the Dynamic of Calcium Oxalate Crystals

Acclimation of the Grapevine Vitis vinifera L. cv. Assyrtiko to Water Deficit: Coordination of Structural and Functional Leaf Traits and the Dynamic of Calcium Oxalate Crystals

Decomposition of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Colobanthus quitensis under CO2 Limiting Conditions

Molecular Shield for Protection of Buckwheat Plants from UV-B Radiation

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