Water-soluble (1→3), (1→4)-β-D-glucans from barley (Hordeum vulgare) endosperm. II. Fine structure

Woodward, James R.; Fincher, Geoffrey B.; Stone, Bruce

doi:10.1016/0144-8617(83)90019-x

Cited by 236 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…endo-(1->4)-~-glucan hydrolase digest were designated $3, $4, $6 and $7. The predicted structures of the tri-and tetrasaccharides from each of the enzyme digests, based upon the known structure of the (1-~3,1-->4)-13-glucan (Woodward et aL, 1983) and the known specificities of the endohydrolases (Anderson and Stone, 1975;Parrish et aL, 1960), were confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Table 2 shows the chemical shifts and coupling constants for the anomeric protons in these oligosaccharides.…”

Section: Characterization Of (1->31->4)-~-oligoglucosidesmentioning

confidence: 81%

A (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucan‐specific monoclonal antibody and its use in the quantitation and immunocytochemical location of (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucans

et al. 1994

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SummaryMonoclonal antibodies were raised against a (1-~3,1~4)-~-glucan-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate. One antibody (BG1) selected for further characterization, was specific for (1--~3,1--~4)-~-giucan, displaying no binding activity against a (l~3)-~-glucan-BSA conjugate and minimal binding against a cellopentaose-BSA conjugate. A range of oligosaccharides was prepared by enzymatic digestion of (1-~3,1-~4)-13-glucan, purified by size exclusion chromatography and characterized by 1H-NMR and anion exchange chromatography.These (l~3,1~4)-13-oligogiucosides, together with (1-~3)-~-and (l~4)-~-oligoglucosides were used to characterize the binding site of the monoclonal antibody (BG1) by competitive inhibition. The monoclonal antibody showed maximal binding to a heptasaccharide with the structure GIc(1~3) GIc(1 ~4) GIc(1 -~4) GIc(1 ~3) GIc(1 ~4) Gic(1-->4) GIc and was determined to have an affinity constant of 3.8 x 104 M -1 for this oligoglucoside.The monoclonal antibody (BG1) has been used to develop a sensitive sandwich ELISA for the specific quantitation of (l~3,1~4)-13-glucans. The assay operates in the range 1-10 ng m1-1 and shows no significant cross-reaction with tamarind xyloglucan, wheat endosperm arabinoxylan or carboxymethylpachyman ((1-~3)-13-glucan). When used with a second-stage, rabbit anti-mouse gold conjugate and viewed under the electron microscope, the monoclonal antibody probe was found to bind strongly to the walls of the aleurone in thin sections of immature wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Millewa grains but not to the middle lamella region. A previously described

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Section: Characterization Of (1->31->4)-~-oligoglucosidesmentioning

confidence: 81%

A (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucan‐specific monoclonal antibody and its use in the quantitation and immunocytochemical location of (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucans

et al. 1994

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“…The principle noncellulosic polymers were f3-Dglucan, arabinan, xyloglucan, and glucuronoarabinoxylan. f,-D-Glucan was the sum of 3-linked glucosyl units and a proportion of the 4-linked glucosyl units three times that of 3-linked units, a factor based on the known fine structure of the glucan (21,29). Arabinan was the total amount of 5-arabinose.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic structure is repeating units of cellotriosyl and cellotetraosyl units connected by a single (l-3)K3-D-glucosyl linkage (21,29). f3-D-Glucan of developing maize seedlings contains additional substructure that permits hydrolysis by a specific endo-(3-Dglucanohydrolase at regularly spaced sites about every 50 glucosyl residues (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell wall and enzyme changes during the graviresponse of the leaf-sheath pulvinus of oat (Avena sativa).

Gibeaut

Karuppiah²,

S-R³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

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The graviresponse of the leaf-sheath pulvinus of oat (Avena sativa) involves an asymmetric growth response accompanied by several asymmetric processes, including degradation of starch and cell wall synthesis. To understand further the cellular and biochemical events associated with the graviresponse, changes in cell walls and their constituents and the activities of related enzymes were investigated in excised pulvini. Asymmetric increases in dry weight with relatively symmetric increases in wall weight accompanied the graviresponse. Starch degradation could not account for increases in wall weight. However, a strong asymmetry in invertase activity indicated that hydrolysis of exogenous sucrose could contribute significantly to the increases in wall and dry weights. Most cell wall components increased proportionately during the graviresponse. However, fl-D-glucan did not increase symmetrically, but rather increased in proportion in lower halves of gravistimulated pulvini. This change resulted from an increase in glucan synthase activity in lower halves. The asymmetry of ft-D-glucan content arose too slowly to account for initiation of the graviresponse. A similar pattem in change in wall extensibility was also observed. Since ,-D-glucan was the only wall component to change, it is hypothesized that this change is the basis for the change in wall extensibility. Since wall extensibility changed too slowly to account for growth initiation, it is postulated that asymmetric changes in osmotic solutes act as the driving factor for growth promotion in the graviresponse, while wall extensibility acts as a limiting factor during growth.The graviresponse of the leaf-sheath pulvinus of oat is initiated by the sedimentation of starch grains, which culminates in a hormone-mediated growth response (7,22

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“…p-o-Glucans form translucent solutions that become clear upon hydrolysis with the B. subtilis enzyme, but the clearing is accompanied by formation of a flocculent precipitate of mostly (1+4)-glucosyl units (unpublished data). During polymerization, the tri-and tetrasaccharides constitute several polymer runs of about 50 residues (Huber and Nevins, 1981) that are spaced by oligomers of more than four contiguous (1-+4)-glucosyl units terminating with (1+3)p-oglucosyl linkages (Kato and Nevins, 1986;Woodward et a/., 1983). The molecular masses of commercial preparations of p-o-glucan from cereal walls range from 6 x 1 O5 to 3 x loe Da (Wood etal., 1991).…”

Section: Changes In Structure During Cell Elongation and The Metabolimentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural models of primary cell walls in flowering plants: consistency of molecular structure with the physical properties of the walls during growth

1993

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SummaryAdvances in determination of polymer structure and in preservation of structure for electron microscopy provide the best view to date of how polysaccharides and structural proteins are organized into plant cell walls. The walls that form and partition dividing cells are modified chemically and structurally from the walls expanding to provide a cell with its functional form. In grasses, the chemical structure of the wall differs from that of all other flowering plant species that have been examined. Nevertheless, both types of wall must conform to the same physical laws. Cell expansion occurs via strictly regulated reorientation of each of the wall's components that first permits the wall to stretch in specific directions and then lock into final shape. This review integrates information on the chemical structure of individual polymers with data obtained from new techniques used to probe the arrangement of the polymers within the walls of individual cells. We provide structural models of two distinct types of walls in flowering plants consistent with the physical properties of the wall and its components.

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Water-soluble (1→3), (1→4)-β-D-glucans from barley (Hordeum vulgare) endosperm. II. Fine structure

Cited by 236 publications

References 17 publications

A (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucan‐specific monoclonal antibody and its use in the quantitation and immunocytochemical location of (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucans

A (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucan‐specific monoclonal antibody and its use in the quantitation and immunocytochemical location of (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucans

Cell wall and enzyme changes during the graviresponse of the leaf-sheath pulvinus of oat (Avena sativa).

Structural models of primary cell walls in flowering plants: consistency of molecular structure with the physical properties of the walls during growth

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