Bioimaging plays a key role in the
diagnosis/treatment of diseases
and in scientific research studies. Compared with single imaging techniques,
dual-mode and multimode imaging techniques facilitate high accuracy.
In this work, a perylene diimide (PDI)-based Gd-containing magnetic
ionic liquid, Per-6-Diimi[Gd(NO3)4], is reported
for dual-modal imaging, in which a Gd(III) complex was used for magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI), while PDI was used for fluorescence imaging.
Because of the difference in the biological microenvironment, there
is a switch between dispersed and aggregated states of Per-6-Diimi[Gd(NO3)4] molecules in hydrophobic and hydrophilic media.
When it was in the aqueous solution, the intensive π–π
interaction of PDI cores made Per-6-Diimi[Gd(NO3)4] aggregates to form particles. The paramagnetic nanoparticles ensure
prolonging the rotational correlation time, which results in a strong
enhancement of MRI with a longitude relaxation coefficient of 14.94
mM–1 s–1. In an in vivo MRI experiment, the tumor site is imaged by MRI through the enhanced
permeability and retention effect. However, when the molecule is present
on the hydrophobic membrane of the cells, the dispersed Per-6-Diimi[Gd(NO3)4] showed good fluorescence imaging capabilities
due to the high fluorescence quantum yield of PDI. Thus, the fluorescence
imaging of cells can be carried out. Moreover, ex vivo fluorescence imaging of organs is performed after MRI. Per-6-Diimi[Gd(NO3)4] is enriched in the liver, kidneys, and tumors.