Water‐Soluble Reduced Graphene Oxide–Carboxymethylcellulose Hybrid Nanomaterial for Electrochemical Biosensor Design

Abstract

A novel hybrid nanomaterial was synthesised by covalent attachment of O‐carboxymethylcellulose to reduced graphene oxide. Graphene oxide was first anchored with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane moieties to provide reactive primary amino groups at the basal plane. Periodate‐oxidised O‐carboxymethylcellulose was further covalently attached to this aminated nanomaterial through reductive alkylation with NaBH4. Stable aqueous dispersions were obtained with the resulting hybrid nanomaterial, which was used to coat glassy carbon electrodes. Furthermore, the enzyme tyrosinase was covalently immobilised and the nanostructured enzyme electrode was successfully employed for the amperometric detection of catechol in the 20 nM–56 μM range. The biosensor showed excellent analytical performance with a high sensitivity of 270 mA M−1 and a low detection limit of 0.2 nM.

Reduced graphene oxide-Sb2O5 hybrid nanomaterial for the design of a laccase-based amperometric biosensor for estriol

“…In this context, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) ranks among the nanomaterials more widely employed for the assembly of electrochemical biosensors due to their remarkable thermal, mechanical and electronic properties [8][9][10]. These carbon nanomaterials showing a planar two-dimensional morphology can be prepared at relative low cost and easily functionalized with a variety of chemical groups.…”

Design of a reduced-graphene-oxide composite electrode from an electropolymerizable graphene aqueous dispersion using a cyclodextrin-pyrrole monomer. Application to dopamine biosensing

“…It is noteworthy that the addition of ascorbic acid, uric acid and glucose as interferents did not result in any significant current change for all types of electrodes (figure S1). The comparison with other tyrosinase-based biosensors involving graphene (table S1), clearly indicates that our configuration leads for the detection of catechol and dopamine to almost the best performance in terms of linear range and detection limit [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

A Layer‐by‐Layer Biosensing Architecture Based on Polyamidoamine Dendrimer and Carboxymethylcellulose‐Modified Graphene Oxide

“…The strategy employed to assemble the layer‐by‐layer architecture of rGO‐CMC nanohybrid and PAMAM on GCE is schematically displayed in Figure 1. The first layer consisted in a highly hydrophilic and negatively charged hybrid nanomaterial that was prepared by grafting the anionic polysaccharide CMC to the basal plane of an amino‐enriched GO derivative 9. This nanostructured layer allows the further assembly of PAMAM, a cationic dendrimer, through electrostatic interactions.…”

“…rGO‐CMC was prepared as previously described 9. This synthetic protocol involved grafting of GO with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and the further covalent attachment of periodate‐oxidized CMC 10, through a reductive alkylation process with NaBH 4 .…”

“…Recently we described the synthesis of an polyanionic water‐soluble reduced GO (rGO) derivative by covalent grafting with carboxymethyl cellulose (rGO‐CMC) 9. This nanohybrid was successfully employed as transduction element for the construction of an electrochemical enzyme biosensor.…”