Water splitting by electrolysis at high current densities under 1.6 volts

Zhou, Haiqing; Fang, Yu; Zhu, Qing; Qin, Fan; Luo, Yu; Bao, Jiming; Yu, Ying; Chen, Shuo; Ren, Zhifeng

doi:10.1039/c8ee00927a

Cited by 494 publications

(314 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The implementation of thermoelectric generators for the water splitting was also trialed by Zhou et al [56] Figure 17 as hows the real-time valueso fc urrent densities under different temperature gradients applied to the generatora nd Figure17b shows the real-time stabilityo ft he current andv oltage generation for af ixed temperature gradient. The implementation of thermoelectric generators for the water splitting was also trialed by Zhou et al [56] Figure 17 as hows the real-time valueso fc urrent densities under different temperature gradients applied to the generatora nd Figure17b shows the real-time stabilityo ft he current andv oltage generation for af ixed temperature gradient.…”

Section: The "Heat To Hydrogen" Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts

Mulla

Dunnill

2019

ChemSusChem

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Ever‐increasing energy demands and environmental concerns require new and clean energy supplies, many of which are intermittent and do not correlate with demand. To balance supply with demand, a universal energy vector should be employed such that intermittent renewable energy can be stored and transported and then used when needed. Hydrogen is the perfect universal energy vector and a possible solution that ensures environmental cleanliness, maximum utilization of renewable energy sources, and high efficiency, whereby the combustion of the fuel yields only water. One abundant and freely available energy source—both anthropogenic and natural—is heat. Heat can be obtained from industrial processes and is indeed often viewed as a waste product with a premium to remove but is notoriously difficult to capture, store, and transport. Capturing and storing low‐grade heat therefore provides a significant opportunity and can be achieved by coupling thermoelectric generators and water electrolyzers. A thermoelectric generator is placed within a thermal energy gradient and produces a flow of current that is fed to the electrolysis unit with which it produces hydrogen and oxygen as the final products. The hydrogen can be stored for long periods and transported for “on‐demand” use in fuel cells for electricity from hydrogen burners for a return to thermal energy. This Review summarizes the current state‐of‐the‐art research into implementing thermoelectric generators and utilizing heat as a primary energy source to produce hydrogen, which could replace the need for extra electric power to run hydrogen production units. Furthermore, suitable requirements, modifications, and other related aspects associated with such a new and novel method of hydrogen generation are discussed. Hydrogen produced from otherwise‐wasted energy sources can be considered to be green.

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Section: The "Heat To Hydrogen" Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts

Mulla

Dunnill

2019

ChemSusChem

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“…Currently, most of nickel sulfides electrocatalysts only exhibit high OER performance at a low current density of 10 mA cm −2 . However, they usually do not meet the efficiently standards at current densities 500–1000 mA cm −2 in alkaline solutions, critical for industrial adoption . Specifically, the OER process should be achieved at current density higher than 500 mA cm −2 with overpotential ≤300 mV to satisfy the industrial criteria for large‐scale water electrolysis ,.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they usually do not meet the efficiently standards at current densities 500–1000 mA cm −2 in alkaline solutions, critical for industrial adoption . Specifically, the OER process should be achieved at current density higher than 500 mA cm −2 with overpotential ≤300 mV to satisfy the industrial criteria for large‐scale water electrolysis ,. Synthesis of nickel sulfides based hybrid materials possessing coupling effects between different active components is one of the most promising ways to boost the overall catalytic performance ,.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution at Extremely High Current Density over 3D Ultrasmall Zero‐Valent Iron‐Coupled Nickel Sulfide Nanosheets

et al. 2018

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Nonprecious water oxidation electrocatalysts that perform well at high current densities are among the key enabling drivers of renewable energy technologies. Herein, we report a novel strategy to produce 3D ultrasmall zero‐valent iron‐coupled nickel sulfides nanosheets (Fe0−NixSy) hybrid on self‐supported conductive Ni foam (denoted as Fe0−NixSy/NF) through a robust single‐step gas–solid reaction. In this 3D hybrid, the Fe0−NixSy nanosheets with a length of approximately 400 nm and an average thickness of 33 nm are uniformly grown on the Ni foam. Benefiting from the unique 3D hierarchical structure and synergistic effect between Fe0 and NixSy, the 3D Fe0−NixSy/NF hybrid shows an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at extremely high current densities in basic media. The current densities of 1000 and 1500 mA cm−2 are achieved at low potentials of 1.57 and 1.60 V, respectively, thus meeting the expected OER standards for industrial applications. These overpotentials of the 3D Fe0−NixSy/NF hybrid are the lowest among all previously reported nickel‐sulfide‐based electrocatalysts, and are even superior compared to state‐of‐the‐art Ir/C catalysts. We further demonstrate that the integration of the 3D Fe0−NixSy/NF electrocatalyst as both anode and cathode with a silicon photovoltaic cell enables highly active and sustainable solar‐driven overall water splitting.

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“…Nevertheless, many highly efficient catalysts are derived from their corresponding metal oxides or (oxy)hydroxides, for example, through phosphorization, nitridation, sulfurization, or selenization treatment. However, such processes usually involve toxic raw materials or products, which render them neither environmentally friendly nor safe . In this regard, transition metal oxides or (oxy)hydroxides are a more suitable candidate for OER catalysis, owing to to their relatively green syntheses and tunable metal components .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Assisted Doping and Architecture Engineering of Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles for Highly Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2019

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The design and synthesis of cost‐effective and highperformance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts for water splitting based on earth‐abundant elements is urgent but challenging. A synergistic doping and architecture engineering strategy by nanosecond laser ablation is used to generate a unique kind of highly disordered Ni‐doped Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters. Ni dopant and increased oxygen vacancies are simultaneously incorporated into Fe3O4 frameworks and thereby modulate the electronic configuration for an optimal binding affinity towards OER intermediates. Nanoparticles with average size of around 5 nm assemble randomly during laser ablation and construct a fluffy and porous architecture, which not only optimizes the number of exposed active sites but also accelerates mass transfer. Consequently, Ni‐doped Fe3O4 clusters are revealed as a superior OER catalyst with a small overpotential of 272 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 39.4 mV dec−1, surpassing almost all spinel Fe‐based OER catalysts. This work provides a new strategy to fabricate advanced cation‐doped metal oxide nanostructures for related energy applications.

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Water splitting by electrolysis at high current densities under 1.6 volts

Abstract: A robust oxygen-evolving electrocatalyst was developed using a room-temperature strategy for water splitting at high current densities with low voltages.

Cited by 494 publications

References 36 publications

Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts

Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts

Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution at Extremely High Current Density over 3D Ultrasmall Zero‐Valent Iron‐Coupled Nickel Sulfide Nanosheets

Laser‐Assisted Doping and Architecture Engineering of Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles for Highly Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction

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Water splitting by electrolysis at high current densities under 1.6 volts

Abstract: A robust oxygen-evolving electrocatalyst was developed using a room-temperature strategy for water splitting at high current densities with low voltages.

Cited by 494 publications

References 36 publications

Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts

Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts

Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution at Extremely High Current Density over 3D Ultrasmall Zero‐Valent Iron‐Coupled Nickel Sulfide Nanosheets

Laser‐Assisted Doping and Architecture Engineering of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Highly Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction

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About

Laser‐Assisted Doping and Architecture Engineering of Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles for Highly Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction