Water supply and sewage disposal at Mohenjo‐Daro

Jansen, Michael

doi:10.1080/00438243.1989.9980100

Cited by 71 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Liquids entered brick-lined pits, having manhole function (control and cleansing) as well as sedimentation pits [22]. Then the effluent flowed into a larger drain [17]. Figure 2 shows an example of this approach.…”

Section: Harappan Civilization (Ca 3200-1900 Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Harappan civilization is the most ancient South Asian culture having implemented a complex and centralized wastewater management system. Indeed, one of the major characteristics of this culture is to have developed lavatories, and drainage and sewerage systems [17][18][19]. It was during the Mature Harappan period (or Urban Harappan Phase) that centralized sanitation with sewers first appeared.…”

Section: Harappan Civilization (Ca 3200-1900 Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2. Scheme of domestic wastewater disposal of an urban agglomeration of the Harappan civilization (inspired by [17]). …”

Section: Harappan Civilization (Ca 3200-1900 Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drains were covered with stone, wooden boards, or baked-bricks, and in Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa sometime assembled in corbelled vault [17,21]. Liquids entered brick-lined pits, having manhole function (control and cleansing) as well as sedimentation pits [22].…”

Section: Harappan Civilization (Ca 3200-1900 Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Although there is evidence of surface-based storm drainage systems in early Babylonian and Mesopotamian Empires in Iraq (ca. 4000-2500 BC), it is not until after ca. 3000 BC that we find evidence of the well organized and operated sewer and drainage systems of the Minoans and Harappans in Crete and the Indus valley, respectively. The Minoans and Indus valley civilizations originally, and the Hellenes and Romans thereafter, are considered pioneers in developing basic sewerage and drainage technologies, with OPEN ACCESS Sustainability 2014, 6 3937 emphasis on sanitation in the urban environment. The Hellenes and Romans further developed these techniques and greatly increased the scale of these systems. Although other ancient civilizations also contributed, notably some of the Chinese dynasties, very little progress was made during the Dark ages from ca. 300 AD through to the middle of the 18th century. It was only from 1850 onwards that that modern sewerage was "reborn", but many of the principles grasped by the ancients are still in use today. This paper traces the development of the sewer from those earliest of civilizations through to the present day and beyond. A 6000 year technological history is a powerful validation of the vital contribution of sewers to human history.

show abstract

Section: Harappan Civilization (Ca 3200-1900 Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Harappan Civilization (Ca 3200-1900 Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2. Scheme of domestic wastewater disposal of an urban agglomeration of the Harappan civilization (inspired by [17]). …”

Section: Harappan Civilization (Ca 3200-1900 Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Harappan Civilization (Ca 3200-1900 Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mohenjo-Daro, built around 2450 BC in a semi-arid environment, was serviced by at least 700 wells, with an average frequency of one in every third house [8,16]. The earliest evidence of settlement along the upper Indus River dates to ca.…”

Section: Indus Valley Civilization (Ca 2600-1900 Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical and Technical Notes on Aqueducts from Prehistoric to Medieval Times

Feo

Angelakis

Antoniou³

et al. 2013

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of aqueduct technologies through the millennia, from prehistoric to medieval times. These hydraulic works were used by several civilizations to collect water from springs and to transport it to settlements, sanctuaries and other targets. Several civilizations, in China and the Americas, developed water transport systems independently, and brought these to high levels of sophistication. For the Mediterranean civilizations, one of the salient characteristics of cultural development, since the Minoan Era (ca. 3200-1100 BC), is the architectural and hydraulic function of aqueducts used for the water supply in palaces and other settlements. The 1997Minoan hydrologists and engineers were aware of some of the basic principles of water sciences and the construction and operation of aqueducts. These technologies were further developed by subsequent civilizations. Advanced aqueducts were constructed by the Hellenes and, especially, by the Romans, who dramatically increased the application scale of these structures, in order to provide the extended quantities of water necessary for the Roman lifestyle of frequent bathing. The ancient practices and techniques were not improved but survived through Byzantine and early medieval times. Later, the Ottomans adapted older techniques, reintroducing large-scale aqueducts to supply their emerging towns with adequate water for religious and social needs. The scientific approach to engineering matters during the Renaissance further improved aqueduct technology. Some of these improvements were apparently also implemented in Ottoman waterworks. Finally the industrial revolution established mechanized techniques in water acquisition. Water is a common need of mankind, and several ancient civilizations developed simple but practical techniques from which we can still learn. Their experience and knowledge could still play an important role for sustainable water supply, presently and in future, both in developed and developing countries.

show abstract

Anaemia in the Ancient Indus Valley

Lovell

1997

Int. J. Osteoarchaeol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water supply and sewage disposal at Mohenjo‐Daro

Cited by 71 publications

References 2 publications

The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide

The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide

Historical and Technical Notes on Aqueducts from Prehistoric to Medieval Times

Anaemia in the Ancient Indus Valley

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About