Water to Value - Produced Water Management for Sustainable Field Development of Mature and Green Fields

Abstract

HSE Horizons - This is a condensed version of paper SPE 73853, which was presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas E&P held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20-22 March 2002.

Petroleum Oil and Gas Industry Waste Treatment; Common Practice in Indonesia

“…The volume of produced water from oil and gas wells does not remain constant over time. Wells elsewhere in the world average 3 barrel of water for each barrel of oil [8]. The volume of produced water is estimated at more than 8 million barrels per day considering 90 percent of Indonesian oil production is produced from oil wells that have been outstanding for more than 30 years.…”

On scale and magnitude of pressure build‐up induced by large‐scale geologic storage of CO2

“…Figure 1a shows the annual volume of world oil production and the pore volume needed to store annual energy-related CO 2 emissions, assuming that the CO 2 is stored in the subsurface at a density of 700 kg/m 3 . In 2006, the world oil production was 4.3 km 3 (73.46 million barrel/day), accompanied by produced water, with an average water-to-oil ratio of 3 to 1 10 . Considering that the produced water is generally re-injected into the subsurface for water flooding, enhanced oil recovery, and disposal, the net cumulative effect on subsurface pore volume is mainly from oil production.…”

Consumptive water use in the production of ethanonl and petroleum gasoline.

“…In 1995, about 18 billion bbls of produced water were generated at U.S. onshore operations (API 2000). Worldwide, 77 billion bbls of water were produced from oil wells in 1999 (Khatib and Verbeek 2003). As shown in Figure 24, the amount of produced water generally increases over the life of secondary recovery in a conventional oil well.…”