Water treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin

Abstract

The treatment of waters using filtering process through sintered porous ceramics based on diatomite and kaolin is reported. The water samples were prepared in low = 50%, medium = 100% and high = 150% concentrations, taking as reference point the maximum value allowed according to the resolution 2115-2007. The treated parameters were alkalinity; hardness to calcium, magnesium and total; chlorides; sulfates and total iron. The porous ceramics were formed by slip casting in plaster mold, from pastes with weight percentage of 50% recycled diatomite from the beer industry, 40% kaolin and 10% calcium carbonate. The particle sizes of the ceramic powders were the passed through ASTM 200 sieve. The drying of the ceramics was carried out at room temperature for 24 h, then by forced circulation oven Memmert UF-110 at 100 ° C for an equal time. The sintering of the ceramics was carried out in Vulcan D-130 electric muffle, at a maximum temperature of 1000 ° C for two hours, with a heating ramp of 10 ° C/min. The morphology of the ceramics was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the physic ceramic analyses was evaluated according to ISO 10545-3 standard. Our results, reported what porous ceramics efficiency for the removal of chlorides up to 50%, while elimination of sulfates was approximately 43%, on the other hand, the total iron was removed up to 95%, likewise, Zulma Yarley Mogollón-Cuellar et al. it was evidenced that ceramics are not efficient in the treatment of hardness and alkalinity of waters with high concentrations.

Treatment of subterranean mining water through filtration using ceramic bilayer membranes based of recycled diatomites and kaolin

“…The physical-ceramic properties of the bilayer membranes (see figure 1 (b)) were found using ISO 10545-3. Finding an average density of 0.94 g / cm 3 , an approximate loss of mass in drying of 5.5% and by cooking of 5%, the linear shrinkage by cooking of 4%, and an average percentage of water absorption of 76.25%. The morphology of the sintered samples of the porous ceramics using SEM is presented in figure 3.…”

“…Therefore, interest arises in the application of micro filtration and ultrafiltration membranes in processes for the separation of contaminants for the treatment of large amounts of wastewater. So it becomes a successful way to solve water pollution and maintain the welfare of the environment [3]. Thus, for example, the use of ceramic membranes prepared from a silicate and clay-mineral for the removal of oils in wastewater from metallurgical, petrochemical, transport, textile and oil refinery activities, among others, is Research topic, due to its simplicity, profitability, longer duration, thermal and mechanical stability.…”

“…Thus, for example, the use of ceramic membranes prepared from a silicate and clay-mineral for the removal of oils in wastewater from metallurgical, petrochemical, transport, textile and oil refinery activities, among others, is Research topic, due to its simplicity, profitability, longer duration, thermal and mechanical stability. [4] The use of ceramic membranes is a low-cost process, in addition to advantages such as high thermal and chemical stability, pressure resistance, long service life, good fouling resistance and ease of cleaning [3]. Bearing in mind that Diatomite is a macro structured material, micro-porous and of low cost, that allows to be used in the adsorption of pollutants since it has characteristics such as high porosity, mechanical resistance, thermal and chemical stability, so they are a suitable material Treatment of subterranean mining water through filtration 4439 in the process of filtering heavy metals present in contaminated water in mining extraction processes.…”

Ceramic Membranes in Individual Field Water Treatment

“…In the preparation of the raw material mixture used treated diatomite Celatom (USA) containing 89,5% SiO2, 4,1% Al2O3, 1,5% Fe-2O3, 0,6% CaO, 0,3% MgO and 4% other oxides and kaolin of Hlukhovets deposit (Ukraine) with a content of approx 47% SiO-2-, 38% Al-2O3 and additives of TiO-2, Fe2O3, MgO. According to literature data (Farrelly, 2008, Kayvani, 2018, Mogollón-Cuellar, 2018, Saponjic, 2015, sodium tetraborate (borax), starch, manganese oxide MnO2, barium sulfate BaSO4, CuSO4 sulphate, K2CO3 potash or calcined soda Na2CO3 were selected as additives of the raw material mixture. The samples used in the experiments contained 52-55 % diatomite, 27-30% kaolin, 5-6% borax, 1-2% starch, 3-4% potash, 7-8% BaSO4, 1-1.5% MnO2, 0.5% CuSO4 (in terms of dry components).…”

“…and imported ones. Sometimes diatomite used in the processing (brewery and other industries) is involved in processing (Mogollón-Cuellar, 2018). Various compounds are used as additives to primary raw material mixtures in the preparation of filter ceramics: starch, barium sulfate, borax, liquid glass, etc.…”