Water use efficiency and conservation during construction: drivers, barriers and practices

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore ways to enhance water use efficiency at construction sites according to project stakeholders’ perceptions. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was developed based on drivers, barriers and potential water use efficiency measures identified through a literature review. It was administered among professionals working in the construction industry who have more than ten years of work experience. Findings The study highlighted cost of water and sources of water as main drivers that promote water use efficiency on sites. Lack of priority for water management among host of other managerial functions was identified as the main barrier. In order to conserve water, respondents favoured “soft” measures such as changes in workers’ behaviour and managerial policies and planning for water savings, as opposed to “hard” measures which were primarily technology based. Research limitations/implications The major implications of the study are related to how behaviour of the workers could be changed to accommodate water use efficiency in their everyday activities. Water saving measures such as leak detection, auditing and sub-metering were favoured by respondents referring to policies and planning, as well as implementing a water action plan when a project begins. Originality/value This study makes a contribution to the body of knowledge on the subject of water sustainability at construction projects. This is an understudied area. In addition, the findings will enhance the understanding of construction companies on water use efficiency and should serve as a platform to develop improved and appropriate techniques.

An Investigation on Factors Influencing Public’s Water Efficiency Practice

“…To achieve the study's objectives, a survey was conducted on willing Penang domestic water consumers aged 18 years old and above using convenience sampling technique. Except for profiling data of consumers, questionnaire items were based on those found in relevant literature pertaining to factors influencing public's water efficiency practice topic (Waidyasekara et al, 2016). Responses to item statements were measured using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging 1="strongly disagree" to 5="strongly agree"; basically because using 5-instead of 7-or 9-point Likert scale reduces time needed for respondents to answer item statements provided in the questionnaire (Wahid, 2017).…”

“…In this paper, barriers are defined as the filter which prevents adoption of water saving practices (Graymore, Wallis, & O'Toole, 2010). Barriers investigated in past studies include additional cost to water users, low priority on water management, resistance to change, value of water not apparent and unaware of new technology towards water management (Waidyasekara et al, 2016). Low water tariff for instance leads to high water consumption (Maidinsa, 2014).…”

“…Positive behaviours increase public's water efficiency practice by adopting efficient technology and help in overcoming barriers that minimize positive impacts on water saving practice (Graymore, Wallis, & O'Toole, 2010). Robust monitoring and metering system have been identified as methods used to measure water usage; and complimentary of water efficient fittings and equipment have been found to increase water saving practices (Waidyasekara et al, 2016). While proper devices and installation increased water use and its value, regular maintenance was proven significant in ensuring that they can operate effectively (Gilg & Barr, 2006).…”

“…https: //doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.08.33 Corresponding Author: Nabsiah Abdul Wahid Selection and peer-review under Drivers are factors which lead and cause a particular phenomenon to happen (Oesterwind, Rau, & Zaiko, 2016); like the 'need to save water' which encourages the happening of water efficiency practice through public's changing behaviour towards water consumption and by adopting efficient technology that can help with improving water efficiency. Past studies suggested that driver consists of elements including water pricing, water quality, water quantity, water sources, and role of stakeholders' responsibility (Waidyasekara et al, 2016;Adams et al, 2013). For instance, both water pricing and allocation of water have significant impact towards water conservation; and that water pricing is elastic when demand for water is induced.…”

“…The literature also reported various possible drivers that affect public's water consumption positively or negatively. Amongst them include availability of water source which was found to have little effect on water consumption (Randolph & Troy, 2008); water supply which was identified as a significant factor influencing individual's willingness to conserve water in daily life, water shortage and drought which was reported to lead to individual's needs to practice water conservation (Randolph & Tray, 2008); and positive attitude that led to increased awareness to practice water monitoring (Waidyasekara et al, 2016). In short, some of the findings of past studies actually enhances the belief that public's behavioural practices can be implemented as individuals can personally take appropriate action on proposed drivers like increasing their awareness about water efficiency practice, changing towards positive attitude and monitoring and supervising on their daily water consumption.…”