Waterborne disease in Colorado: three years' surveillance and 18 outbreaks.

Hopkins, Richard S.; Shillam, Pamela J.; Gaspard, B; Eisnach, L; Karlin, Richard J.

doi:10.2105/ajph.75.3.254

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The viruses are excreted in large number in the feces of infected organisms, and may be dispersed in environmental waters including private wells and municipal water supplies. The stability of rotaviruses in environmental water and their resistance to water treatment may facilitate transmission; outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by waterborne rotaviruses have been reported, and the presence of rotaviruses have been found in various sources of water such as sewage, ground water, irrigation water and even drinking water [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. It is possible that early detection of water systems contamination could prevent further spread of the virus and/or alert for proper treatment of infected individuals.…”

Section: Selective Label-free Detection Of Viral Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic crystals utilized for label-free and amplified fluorescence biodetection

Cunningham

2008

SPIE Proceedings

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Photonic crystals are fabricated on plastic surfaces, producing narrow bandwidth resonances at any desired wavelength. While shifts in the resonant wavelength quantify the density of adsorbed biomaterial, the resonances also enhance the output of adsorbed fluorophores. The combined attributes of photonic crystals enable highly sensitive label-free detection and greatly amplified sensitivity of any fluorescence-based assay for applications in life science research, drug discovery, and environmental pathogen detection. Applications for label-free selective detection of viral pathogens with sensitivity of ~30 focal forming units, and detection of spore pathogens with single-unit resolution are highlighted. Amplified fluorescence, meanwhile, enables gene expression detection of DNA at concentrations ~2 orders of magnitude lower than detection on optically passive surfaces.

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Section: Selective Label-free Detection Of Viral Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic crystals utilized for label-free and amplified fluorescence biodetection

Cunningham

2008

SPIE Proceedings

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“…A la luz de los estudios de John Snow sobre la transmisión del cólera en Londres, los BETH pueden considerarse el paradigma de brote epidémico (33). Sin embargo, la investigación epidemiológica de estos brotes puede presentar dificultades, como el aislamiento y la identificación del agente causal en el agua o en muestras biológicas de los pacientes, la localización de la población expuesta, la determinación de factores contribuyentes y la coordinación con otros elementos que tienen competencia en el medio ambiente (34)(35).…”

Section: Al Comparar Los Beth Y Las Intoxicaciones Alimentarias Causaunclassified

Brote epidémico por Salmonella richmond en Castellón, España

Pac

Arnedo²,

Benedicto³

et al. 1998

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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A case-control study was carried out to investigate an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among a military detachment stationed in a rural area of Castellón, España. The purpose of the study was to determine the causes of the outbreak and develop control measures. Of the 153 men in the detachment, 135 were included in the study. Between 9 and 11 August 1993, 45 cases were reported; the patients' average age was 19.2 +/- 1.5 years. The attack rate was 33.3%. The clinical picture was dominated by the following symptoms: diarrhea (76%), vomiting (67%), nausea (67%), and abdominal pain (28%). The median duration of symptoms was one day, and that of the incubation period was 33 hours. Only one patient required hospitalization and all of them recovered. Salmonella richmond (6.7: and :1.2) was isolated in 5 of the 14 stool cultures performed. An association was also discovered between the illness and consumption of water from an aqueduct that flowed near the camp. A logistic regression model showed that consumption of water from this source remained associated with cases after adjusting for age and the consumption of various foods (odds ratio = 96.5; 95% confidence interval, 11.4-814.4). The risk of suffering from the illness rose with the amount of water consumed (chi 2 trend test = 65.4, P < 0.0001). Chemical and bacteriological analyses of the aqueduct water indicated the presence of fecal contamination. The aqueduct had not been subject to sanitary monitoring, even though the water was used to irrigate agricultural crops. The widespread presence in the environment of species of Salmonella was demonstrated. Health education and microbiological studies of water courses can be of great value in preventing such epidemics.

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“…A th reestate stu dy of variou s approach es detected n o addition al waterborn e disease ou tbreaks in Wash in gton an d Verm on t; 20 h owever, in Colorado, a greater th an th reefold in crease in th e n u m ber of detected waterborn e ou tbreaks occu rred wh en su rveillan ce was im proved. 21 Active an d en h an ced disease su rveillan ce can on ly in crease reportin g of diagn osed illn esses from providers an d laboratories. All of th e oth er barriers to disease iden tification an d reportin g of cases to th e pu blic h ealth agen cy will still rem ain (see illu stration , page 67).…”

Section: Panel Recommendations For Waterborne Disease Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Waterborne disease surveillance

Frost¹,

Craun²,

Calderon³

1996

Journal AWWA

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Because current reporting systems have drawbacks, drinking water professionals should collaborate with the public health community to enhance approaches to waterborne disease surveillance. One option for obtaining information about the occurrence and causes of epidemic and endemic waterborne disease is to improve disease surveillance systems now in place in most state and local health departments. In addition, the authors recommend additional ways of improving disease surveillance and investigating endemic waterborne disease. Health care reform may reduce the effectiveness of the current system of laboratory‐based disease reporting, but opportunities for enhanced disease surveillance may also emerge from these reforms. In addition, new laboratory technologies may make routine surveillance of enteric pathogen infections, rather than disease from these pathogens, increasingly feasible. The interests and information needs of the drinking water industry and its customers can best be assured by its informed participation in the debate over the design and goals of new disease surveillance programs.

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Waterborne disease in Colorado: three years' surveillance and 18 outbreaks.

Abstract: The Colorado Department of Health conducted intensive surveillance for waterborne diseases during the three-year period July

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

Photonic crystals utilized for label-free and amplified fluorescence biodetection

Photonic crystals utilized for label-free and amplified fluorescence biodetection

Brote epidémico por Salmonella richmond en Castellón, España

Waterborne disease surveillance

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