Watermark Generation using Image-dependent Key for Image Authentication

Kitanovski, Vlado; Taskovski, Dimitar; Bogdanova, Sofija

doi:10.1109/eurcon.2005.1630103

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The robustness of the approach (Kitanovski et al, 2005) was improved by the methods (Moosazadeh&Ekbatanifard,2017)and (Pun,2009)thatprovidehighrobustnessagainstJPEG compression.SomeoftheapproachesbasedonDCTusethehighfrequencycoefficientstoembed the watermark. This approach (Pun, 2009) The DCT based embedding can be applied to both grayscale and color images, where the author(Loanetal.,2018)usedchaoticencryption.Theembeddingprocessisreplicatedthricefor RGBchannelsiftheDCTapproachisappliedoncolorimages.Thewatermarkisembeddedon theadjacentblock'sDCTcoefficients.Arnoldtransformisalsousedtoimprovetheencryption providedinthechaoticmap.FromthestudiesofDCTbasedwatermarking,itisunderstandable thatthewatermarkingcanbedoneonlower-ordercoefficientsthanonhigher-ordercoefficients.…”

Section: Discrete Cosine Transform (Dct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques in Spatial, Transform, and Hybrid Domains

Prabha

Sam

2022

International Journal of Software Innovation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this digital era, the vast development of multimedia environments and information technology creates a need for protecting digital content from unauthorized access. Digital watermarking is a universally accepted technique for tackling the issues in the field of multimedia security and information rights management. Several appropriate image watermarking processes have been designed to secure the digital content. An efficient watermarking technique should maintain the tradeoff among imperceptibility, robustness, embedding capacity, and security. Primarily, this paper presents the classifications and applications of digital image watermarking techniques. The discussion comprises the spatial, transform, and hybrid image watermarking methods as well as its comparison with the different schemes. The contribution of this article will be beneficial to the academicians for gaining deep knowledge about image watermarking schemes.

show abstract

Section: Discrete Cosine Transform (Dct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques in Spatial, Transform, and Hybrid Domains

Prabha

Sam

2022

International Journal of Software Innovation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Note that watermark extraction can be done in a reverse way. The method proposed by Kitanovski [77] performs a block-based DCT transform in each of the blocks after dividing an image into P × P blocks and embeds a watermark generated using an image hash as a key in the low-frequency components using quantization index modulation (QIM). In QIM, only one watermark bit is inserted into each DCT block.…”

Section: Discrete Cosine Transform (Dct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is difficult to implement and shows weak performance against geometric transformation attacks, such as scaling, rotation, and cropping. A DCT/IDCT method has been proposed for ensuring effectiveness [80], in which a digital The method proposed by Kitanovski [77] performs a block-based DCT transform in each of the blocks after dividing an image into P × P blocks and embeds a watermark generated using an image hash as a key in the low-frequency components using quantization index modulation (QIM). In QIM, only one watermark bit is inserted into each DCT block.…”

Section: Discrete Cosine Transform (Dct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Image Watermarking Techniques: A Review

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Digital image authentication is an extremely significant concern for the digital revolution, as it is easy to tamper with any image. In the last few decades, it has been an urgent concern for researchers to ensure the authenticity of digital images. Based on the desired applications, several suitable watermarking techniques have been developed to mitigate this concern. However, it is tough to achieve a watermarking system that is simultaneously robust and secure. This paper gives details of standard watermarking system frameworks and lists some standard requirements that are used in designing watermarking techniques for several distinct applications. The current trends of digital image watermarking techniques are also reviewed in order to find the state-of-the-art methods and their limitations. Some conventional attacks are discussed, and future research directions are given.

show abstract

“…The method proposed in (Kitanovski et al, 2005) divided an image into P×P blocks, after which performed a block-based DCT transform in each blocks and embedded in the lowfrequency components one watermark bit per block. A watermark was generated using an image hash as a key.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Implementation of Digital Watermarking Schemes Based on Arnold and Discrete Wavelet Transforms

Зотин

Proskurin

2021

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In recent years, digital watermarking of photo and video materials has become more and more important in connection with the transmission of multimedia data over unsecured communication channels. Digital watermarking allows to reduce the amount of transmitted information and to protect embedded metadata. Improving robustness and security of embedded data increases computational costs, which obstruct usage of digital watermarks in mobile devices. In this research, we propose a number of improvements to the digital watermarking process based on Arnold and discrete wavelet transforms to reduce the computational cost. Considering the watermark as a linear sequence of pixels allows us to speed up its processing. The two-dimensional lookup table allows performing an Arnold transform in constant time regardless of the number of iterations. Number of iteration for each block of watermark is determined using hash function applied to the secret key. Also, the structure of the lookup table is proposed to accelerate the embedding of watermark. This table allows to determine the frequency coefficients for embedding based on the key hash code. Proposed improvements allow to speed up the watermark preparation by an average 14 times and the overall embedding process by 1.22 times for 1920×1080 images.

show abstract

Watermark Generation using Image-dependent Key for Image Authentication

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

A Survey of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques in Spatial, Transform, and Hybrid Domains

A Survey of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques in Spatial, Transform, and Hybrid Domains

Digital Image Watermarking Techniques: A Review

Fast Implementation of Digital Watermarking Schemes Based on Arnold and Discrete Wavelet Transforms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About